qjniobject.cpp

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// Copyright (C) 2021 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only
// Qt-Security score:significant reason:default
 
#include "qjniobject.h"
 
#include "qjnihelpers_p.h"
 
#include <QtCore/qbytearray.h>
#include <QtCore/qhash.h>
#include <QtCore/qreadwritelock.h>
#include <QtCore/qloggingcategory.h>
 
 
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(lcJniThreadCheck, "qt.core.jni.threadcheck")
 
using namespace Qt::StringLiterals;
 
/*!
    \class QJniObject
    \inmodule QtCore
    \since 6.1
    \brief A convenience wrapper around the Java Native Interface (JNI).
 
    The QJniObject class wraps a reference to a Java object, ensuring it isn't
    garbage-collected and providing access to most \c JNIEnv method calls
    (member, static) and fields (setter, getter).  It eliminates much
    boiler-plate that would normally be needed, with direct JNI access, for
    every operation. Exceptions thrown by called Java methods are cleared by
    default, but can since Qt 6.11 also be handled by the caller.
 
    \note This API has been designed and tested for use with Android.
    It has not been tested for other platforms.
 
    \sa QJniEnvironment
 
    \section1 Method Signatures
 
    QJniObject provides convenience functions that will use the correct signature based on the
    provided or deduced template arguments.
 
    \code
    jint x = QJniObject::callMethod<jint>("getSize");
    QJniObject::callMethod<void>("touch");
    jint ret = jString1.callMethod<jint>("compareToIgnoreCase", jString2.object<jstring>());
    \endcode
 
    These functions are variadic templates, and the compiler will deduce the
    signature from the actual argument types. Only the return type needs to be
    provided explicitly. QJniObject can deduce the signature string for
    functions that take \l {JNI types}, and for types that have been declared
    with the QtJniTypes type mapping.
 
    \code
    // Java class
    package org.qtproject.qt;
    class TestClass
    {
        static TestClass create() { ... }
        static String fromNumber(int x) { ... }
        static String[] stringArray(String s1, String s2) { ... }
    }
    \endcode
 
    \code
    // C++ code
    Q_DECLARE_JNI_CLASS(TestClass, "org/qtproject/qt/TestClass")
 
    // ...
    using namespace QtJniTypes;
    TestClass testClass = TestClass::callStaticMethod<TestClass>("create");
    \endcode
 
    This allows working with arbitrary Java and Android types in C++ code, without having to
    create JNI signature strings explicitly.
 
    \section2 Explicit JNI Signatures
 
    It is possible to supply the signature yourself. In that case, it is important
    that the signature matches the function you want to call.
 
    \list
        \li Class names need to be fully-qualified, for example: \c "java/lang/String".
        \li Method signatures are written as \c "(ArgumentsTypes)ReturnType", see \l {JNI Types}.
        \li All object types are returned as a QJniObject.
    \endlist
 
    The example below demonstrates how to call different static functions:
 
    The signature structure is \c "(ArgumentsTypes)ReturnType". Array types in the signature
    must have the \c {[} prefix, and the fully-qualified \c Object type names must have the
    \c L prefix and the \c ; suffix. The signature for the \c create function is
    \c {"()Lorg/qtproject/qt/TestClass;}. The signatures for the second and third functions
    are \c {"(I)Ljava/lang/String;"} and
    \c {"(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)[Ljava/lang/String;"}, respectively.
 
    We can call the \c create() function like this:
 
    \code
    // C++ code
    QJniObject testClass = QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod("org/qtproject/qt/TestClass",
                                                              "create",
                                                              "()Lorg/qtproject/qt/TestClass;");
    \endcode
 
    For the second and third function we can rely on QJniObject's template methods to create
    the implicit signature string, but we can also pass the signature string explicitly:
 
    \code
    // C++ code
    QJniObject stringNumber = QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod("org/qtproject/qt/TestClass",
                                                                 "fromNumber",
                                                                 "(I)Ljava/lang/String;", 10);
    \endcode
 
    For the implicit signature creation to work we need to specify the return type explicitly:
 
    \code
    // C++ code
    QJniObject string1 = QJniObject::fromString("String1");
    QJniObject string2 = QJniObject::fromString("String2");
    QJniObject stringArray = QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod<jobjectArray>(
                                                                "org/qtproject/qt/TestClass",
                                                                "stringArray",
                                                                string1.object<jstring>(),
                                                                string2.object<jstring>());
    \endcode
 
    Note that while the first template parameter specifies the return type of the Java
    function, the method will still return a QJniObject.
 
    \section1 Handling Java Exceptions
 
    After calling Java functions that might throw exceptions, it is important
    to check for, handle and clear out any exception before continuing. All
    QJniObject functions can handle exceptions internally by reporting and
    clearing them. This includes JNI exceptions, for instance when trying to
    call a method that doesn't exist, or with bad parameters; and exceptions
    are thrown by the method as a way of reporting errors or returning failure
    information.
 
    From Qt 6.11 on, client code can opt in to handle exceptions explicitly in
    each call. To do so, use \c{std::expected} from C++ 23 as the return type,
    with the value type as the expected, and \c{jthrowable} as the error type.
    For instance, trying to read a setting value via the
    \c{android.provider.Settings.Secure} type might throw an exception if the
    setting does not exist.
 
    \code
    Q_DECLARE_JNI_CLASS(SettingsSecure, "android/provider/Settings$Secure")
    using namespace QtJniTypes;
 
    QString enabledInputMethods()
    {
        ContentResolver resolver;
        SettingsSecure settings;
 
        auto defaultInputMethods = settings.callMethod<std::expected<QString, jthrowable>>(
            "getString", resolver, u"enabled_input_methods"_s
        );
        if (defaultInputMethods)
            return defaultInputMethods.value();
        QStringList stackTrace = QJniEnvironment::stackTrace(defaultInputMethods.error());
    }
    \endcode
 
    You can use any other type that behaves like \c{std::expected}, so handling
    exceptions explicitly is possible without using C++23. The only
    requirements are that the type declares three nested types \c{value_type},
    \c{error_type}, and \c{unexpected_type}, can be constructed from the value
    type, and from its \c{unexpected_type} holding a \c{jthrowable}.
 
    \note The user must handle exceptions manually when doing JNI calls using \c JNIEnv directly.
    It is unsafe to make other JNI calls when exceptions are pending. For more information, see
    QJniEnvironment::checkAndClearExceptions().
 
    \section1 Java Native Methods
 
    Java native methods makes it possible to call native code from Java, this is done by creating a
    function declaration in Java and prefixing it with the \c native keyword.
    Before a native function can be called from Java, you need to map the Java native function to a
    native function in your code. Mapping functions can be done by calling
    QJniEnvironment::registerNativeMethods().
 
    The example below demonstrates how this could be done.
 
    Java implementation:
    \snippet jni/src_qjniobject.cpp Java native methods
 
    C++ Implementation:
    \snippet jni/src_qjniobject.cpp C++ native methods
 
    \section1 The Lifetime of a Java Object
 
    Most \l{Object types}{objects} received from Java will be local references
    and will only stay valid until you return from the native method. After that,
    the object becomes eligible for garbage collection. If your code creates
    many local references in a loop you should delete them manually with each
    iteration, otherwise you might run out of memory. For more information, see
    \l {JNI Design Overview: Global and Local References}. Local references
    created outside a native method scope must be deleted manually, since
    the garbage collector will not free them automatically because we are using
    \l {Java: AttachCurrentThread}{AttachCurrentThread}. For more information, see
    \l {JNI tips: Local and global references}.
 
    If you want to keep a Java object alive you need to either create a new global
    reference to the object and release it when you are done, or construct a new
    QJniObject and let it manage the lifetime of the Java object.
 
    \sa object()
 
    \note The QJniObject only manages its own references, if you construct a QJniObject from a
          global or local reference that reference will not be released by the QJniObject.
 
    \section1 JNI Types
 
    \section2 Object Types
    \table
    \header
        \li Type
        \li Signature
    \row
        \li jobject
        \li Ljava/lang/Object;
    \row
        \li jclass
        \li Ljava/lang/Class;
    \row
        \li jstring
        \li Ljava/lang/String;
    \row
        \li jthrowable
        \li Ljava/lang/Throwable;
    \row
        \li jobjectArray
        \li [Ljava/lang/Object;
    \row
        \li jarray
        \li [\e<type>
    \row
        \li jbooleanArray
        \li [Z
    \row
        \li jbyteArray
        \li [B
    \row
        \li jcharArray
        \li [C
    \row
        \li jshortArray
        \li [S
    \row
        \li jintArray
        \li [I
    \row
        \li jlongArray
        \li [J
    \row
        \li jfloatArray
        \li [F
    \row
        \li jdoubleArray
        \li [D
    \endtable
 
    \section2 Primitive Types
    \table
    \header
        \li Type
        \li Signature
    \row
        \li jboolean
        \li Z
    \row
        \li jbyte
        \li B
    \row
        \li jchar
        \li C
    \row
       \li jshort
       \li S
    \row
        \li jint
        \li I
    \row
        \li jlong
        \li J
    \row
        \li jfloat
        \li F
    \row
        \li jdouble
        \li D
    \endtable
 
    \section2 Other
    \table
    \header
        \li Type
        \li Signature
    \row
        \li void
        \li V
    \row
        \li \e{Custom type}
        \li L\e<fully-qualified-name>;
    \endtable
 
    For more information about JNI, see \l {Java Native Interface Specification}.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn bool operator==(const QJniObject &o1, const QJniObject &o2)
 
    \relates QJniObject
 
    Returns true if both objects, \a o1 and \a o2, are referencing the same Java object, or if both
    are NULL. In any other cases false will be returned.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn bool operator!=(const QJniObject &o1, const QJniObject &o2)
    \relates QJniObject
 
    Returns true if \a o1 holds a reference to a different object than \a o2.
*/
 
class QJniObjectPrivate
{
public:
    QJniObjectPrivate()
    {
    }
    ~QJniObjectPrivate() {
        JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
        if (m_jobject)
            env->DeleteGlobalRef(m_jobject);
        if (m_jclass && m_own_jclass)
            env->DeleteGlobalRef(m_jclass);
    }
 
    template <typename ...Args>
    void construct(const char *signature = nullptr, Args &&...args)
    {
        if (m_jclass) {
            JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
            // get default constructor
            jmethodID constructorId = QJniObject::getCachedMethodID(env, m_jclass, m_className, "<init>",
                                                                    signature ? signature : "()V");
            if (constructorId) {
                jobject obj = nullptr;
                if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) == 0)
                    obj = env->NewObject(m_jclass, constructorId);
                else
                    obj = env->NewObjectV(m_jclass, constructorId, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                if (obj) {
                    m_jobject = env->NewGlobalRef(obj);
                    env->DeleteLocalRef(obj);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    bool isJString(JNIEnv *env) const;
 
    QByteArray m_className;
    jobject m_jobject = nullptr;
    jclass m_jclass = nullptr;
    bool m_own_jclass = true;
    // Whether m_className is the name Qt resolved the class with.
    bool m_resolvedByName = false;
    enum class IsJString : quint8 {
        Unknown,
        Yes,
        No,
    };
    mutable IsJString m_is_jstring = IsJString::Unknown;
};
 
// The separator keeps the concatenation unambiguous.
template <typename ...Args>
static inline QByteArray cacheKey(Args &&...args)
{
    return ((QByteArrayView(":") + QByteArrayView(args)) + ...);
}
 
struct JClassHash : QHash<QByteArray, jclass>
{
    jmethodID loadClassMethod = 0;
};
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(JClassHash, cachedClasses)
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(QReadWriteLock, cachedClassesLock)
 
static jclass getCachedClass(const QByteArray &className)
{
    QReadLocker locker(cachedClassesLock);
    const auto &it = cachedClasses->constFind(className);
    return it != cachedClasses->constEnd() ? it.value() : nullptr;
}
 
 
bool QJniObjectPrivate::isJString(JNIEnv *env) const
{
    Q_ASSERT(m_jobject);
    if (m_is_jstring != IsJString::Unknown)
        return m_is_jstring == IsJString::Yes;
 
    static constexpr auto stringSignature = QtJniTypes::Traits<jstring>::className();
    if (!m_className.isEmpty()) {
        m_is_jstring = m_className == stringSignature
                     ? IsJString::Yes
                     : IsJString::No;
    } else {
        const jclass strClass = getCachedClass(stringSignature.data());
        const bool isStringInstance = strClass
                                    ? env->IsInstanceOf(m_jobject, strClass)
                                    : false;
        m_is_jstring = isStringInstance ? IsJString::Yes : IsJString::No;
    }
 
    return m_is_jstring == IsJString::Yes;
}
 
/*!
    \internal
 
    Get a JNI object from a jobject variant and do the necessary
    exception clearing and delete the local reference before returning.
    The JNI object can be null if there was an exception.
*/
static QJniObject getCleanJniObject(jobject object, JNIEnv *env)
{
    if (!object || env->ExceptionCheck())
        return QJniObject();
 
    return QJniObject::fromLocalRef(object);
}
 
namespace {
 
jclass loadClassHelper(const QByteArray &className, JNIEnv *env)
{
    Q_ASSERT(env);
    QByteArray classNameArray(className);
#ifdef QT_DEBUG
    if (classNameArray.contains('.')) {
        qWarning("QtAndroidPrivate::findClass: className '%s' should use slash separators!",
                 className.constData());
    }
#endif
    classNameArray.replace('.', '/');
    jclass clazz = getCachedClass(classNameArray);
    if (clazz)
        return clazz;
 
    QWriteLocker locker(cachedClassesLock);
    // Check again; another thread might have added the class to the cache after
    // our call to getCachedClass and before we acquired the lock.
    const auto &it = cachedClasses->constFind(classNameArray);
    if (it != cachedClasses->constEnd())
        return it.value();
 
    // JNIEnv::FindClass wants "a fully-qualified class name or an array type signature"
    // which is a slash-separated class name.
    jclass localClazz = env->FindClass(classNameArray.constData());
    if (localClazz) {
        clazz = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(localClazz));
        env->DeleteLocalRef(localClazz);
    } else {
        // Clear the exception silently; we are going to try the ClassLoader next,
        // so no need for warning unless that fails as well.
        env->ExceptionClear();
    }
 
    if (!clazz) {
        // Wrong class loader, try our own
        jobject classLoader = QtAndroidPrivate::classLoader();
        if (!classLoader)
            return nullptr;
 
        if (!cachedClasses->loadClassMethod) {
            jclass classLoaderClass = env->GetObjectClass(classLoader);
            if (!classLoaderClass)
                return nullptr;
            cachedClasses->loadClassMethod =
                env->GetMethodID(classLoaderClass,
                                 "loadClass", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;");
            env->DeleteLocalRef(classLoaderClass);
            if (!cachedClasses->loadClassMethod) {
                qCritical("Couldn't find the 'loadClass' method in the Qt class loader");
                return nullptr;
            }
        }
 
        // ClassLoader::loadClass on the other hand wants the binary name of the class,
        // e.g. dot-separated. In testing it works also with /, but better to stick to
        // the specification.
        const QString binaryClassName = QString::fromLatin1(className).replace(u'/', u'.');
        jstring classNameObject = env->NewString(binaryClassName.utf16(), binaryClassName.length());
        jobject classObject = env->CallObjectMethod(classLoader,
                                                    cachedClasses->loadClassMethod,
                                                    classNameObject);
        env->DeleteLocalRef(classNameObject);
 
        if (classObject && !env->ExceptionCheck()) {
            clazz = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(classObject));
            env->DeleteLocalRef(classObject);
        }
        // Clearing the exception is the caller's responsibility (see
        // QtAndroidPrivate::findClass()) and QJniObject::loadClass{KeepExceptions}
    }
 
    if (clazz)
        cachedClasses->insert(classNameArray, clazz);
 
    return clazz;
}
 
} // unnamed namespace
 
/*!
    \internal
    \a className must be slash-encoded
*/
jclass QtAndroidPrivate::findClass(const char *className, JNIEnv *env)
{
    jclass clazz = loadClassHelper(className, env);
    if (!clazz)
        QJniEnvironment::checkAndClearExceptions(env);
    return clazz;
}
 
jclass QJniObject::loadClass(const QByteArray &className, JNIEnv *env)
{
    return QtAndroidPrivate::findClass(className, env);
}
 
jclass QJniObject::loadClassKeepExceptions(const QByteArray &className, JNIEnv *env)
{
    return loadClassHelper(className, env);
}
 
 
 
typedef QHash<QByteArray, jmethodID> JMethodIDHash;
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(JMethodIDHash, cachedMethodID)
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(QReadWriteLock, cachedMethodIDLock)
 
jmethodID QJniObject::getMethodID(JNIEnv *env,
                                    jclass clazz,
                                    const char *name,
                                    const char *signature,
                                    bool isStatic)
{
    jmethodID id = isStatic ? env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, name, signature)
                            : env->GetMethodID(clazz, name, signature);
 
    return id;
}
 
void QJniObject::callVoidMethodV(JNIEnv *env, jmethodID id, ...) const
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, id);
    env->CallVoidMethodV(d->m_jobject, id, args);
    va_end(args);
}
 
jmethodID QJniObject::getCachedMethodID(JNIEnv *env,
                                        jclass clazz,
                                        const QByteArray &className,
                                        const char *name,
                                        const char *signature,
                                        bool isStatic)
{
    if (className.isEmpty())
        return getMethodID(env, clazz, name, signature, isStatic);
 
    const QByteArray key = cacheKey(className, name, signature,
                                    isStatic ? "static" : "instance");
    QHash<QByteArray, jmethodID>::const_iterator it;
 
    {
        QReadLocker locker(cachedMethodIDLock);
        it = cachedMethodID->constFind(key);
        if (it != cachedMethodID->constEnd())
            return it.value();
    }
 
    {
        QWriteLocker locker(cachedMethodIDLock);
        it = cachedMethodID->constFind(key);
        if (it != cachedMethodID->constEnd())
            return it.value();
 
        jmethodID id = getMethodID(env, clazz, name, signature, isStatic);
 
        if (id)
            cachedMethodID->insert(key, id);
        return id;
    }
}
 
jmethodID QJniObject::getCachedMethodID(JNIEnv *env, const char *name,
                                        const char *signature, bool isStatic) const
{
    // A class Qt did not resolve by name may share its name with another
    // loader's, so it cannot share the name-keyed cache.
    const QByteArray className = d->m_resolvedByName ? d->m_className : QByteArray();
    return QJniObject::getCachedMethodID(env, d->m_jclass, className, name, signature, isStatic);
}
 
typedef QHash<QByteArray, jfieldID> JFieldIDHash;
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(JFieldIDHash, cachedFieldID)
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(QReadWriteLock, cachedFieldIDLock)
 
jfieldID QJniObject::getFieldID(JNIEnv *env,
                                jclass clazz,
                                const char *name,
                                const char *signature,
                                bool isStatic)
{
    jfieldID id = isStatic ? env->GetStaticFieldID(clazz, name, signature)
                           : env->GetFieldID(clazz, name, signature);
 
    return id;
}
 
jfieldID QJniObject::getCachedFieldID(JNIEnv *env,
                                      jclass clazz,
                                      const QByteArray &className,
                                      const char *name,
                                      const char *signature,
                                      bool isStatic)
{
    if (className.isEmpty())
        return getFieldID(env, clazz, name, signature, isStatic);
 
    const QByteArray key = cacheKey(className, name, signature,
                                    isStatic ? "static" : "instance");
    QHash<QByteArray, jfieldID>::const_iterator it;
 
    {
        QReadLocker locker(cachedFieldIDLock);
        it = cachedFieldID->constFind(key);
        if (it != cachedFieldID->constEnd())
            return it.value();
    }
 
    {
        QWriteLocker locker(cachedFieldIDLock);
        it = cachedFieldID->constFind(key);
        if (it != cachedFieldID->constEnd())
            return it.value();
 
        jfieldID id = getFieldID(env, clazz, name, signature, isStatic);
 
        if (id)
            cachedFieldID->insert(key, id);
        return id;
    }
}
 
jfieldID QJniObject::getCachedFieldID(JNIEnv *env,
                                      const char *name,
                                      const char *signature,
                                      bool isStatic) const
{
    const QByteArray className = d->m_resolvedByName ? d->m_className : QByteArray();
    return QJniObject::getCachedFieldID(env, d->m_jclass, className, name, signature, isStatic);
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject::QJniObject()
 
    Constructs an invalid JNI object.
 
    \sa isValid()
*/
QJniObject::QJniObject()
    : d(new QJniObjectPrivate())
{
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject::QJniObject(const char *className)
 
    Constructs a new JNI object by calling the default constructor of \a className.
 
    \code
    QJniObject myJavaString("java/lang/String");
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject::QJniObject(const char *className)
    : d(new QJniObjectPrivate())
{
    d->m_className = className;
    d->m_jclass = loadClass(d->m_className, jniEnv());
    d->m_own_jclass = false;
    d->m_resolvedByName = true;
 
    d->construct();
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject::QJniObject(const char *className, const char *signature, ...)
 
    Constructs a new JNI object by calling the constructor of \a className with
    \a signature specifying the types of any subsequent arguments.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    char* str = "Hello";
    jstring myJStringArg = env->NewStringUTF(str);
    QJniObject myNewJavaString("java/lang/String", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", myJStringArg);
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject::QJniObject(const char *className, const char *signature, ...)
    : d(new QJniObjectPrivate())
{
    d->m_className = className;
    d->m_jclass = loadClass(d->m_className, jniEnv());
    d->m_own_jclass = false;
    d->m_resolvedByName = true;
 
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, signature);
    d->construct(signature, args);
    va_end(args);
}
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename ...Args> QJniObject::QJniObject(const char *className, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Constructs a new JNI object by calling the constructor of \a className with
    the arguments \a args. This constructor is only available if all \a args are
    known \l {JNI Types}.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    char* str = "Hello";
    jstring myJStringArg = env->NewStringUTF(str);
    QJniObject myNewJavaString("java/lang/String", myJStringArg);
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    Constructs a new JNI object from \a clazz by calling the constructor with
    \a signature specifying the types of any subsequent arguments.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    jclass myClazz = env.findClass("org/qtproject/qt/TestClass");
    QJniObject(myClazz, "(I)V", 3);
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject::QJniObject(jclass clazz, const char *signature, ...)
    : d(new QJniObjectPrivate())
{
    if (clazz) {
        d->m_jclass = static_cast<jclass>(jniEnv()->NewGlobalRef(clazz));
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, signature);
        d->construct(signature, args);
        va_end(args);
    }
}
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename ...Args> QJniObject::QJniObject(jclass clazz, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Constructs a new JNI object from \a clazz by calling the constructor with
    the arguments \a args. This constructor is only available if all \a args are
    known \l {JNI Types}.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    jclass myClazz = env.findClass("org/qtproject/qt/TestClass");
    QJniObject(myClazz, 3);
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    Constructs a new JNI object by calling the default constructor of \a clazz.
 
    \note The QJniObject will create a new reference to the class \a clazz
          and releases it again when it is destroyed. References to the class created
          outside the QJniObject need to be managed by the caller.
*/
 
QJniObject::QJniObject(jclass clazz)
    : QJniObject(clazz, "()V")
{
}
 
/*!
    Constructs a new JNI object around the Java object \a object.
 
    \note The QJniObject will hold a reference to the Java object \a object
    and release it when destroyed. Any references to the Java object \a object
    outside QJniObject needs to be managed by the caller. In most cases you
    should never call this function with a local reference unless you intend
    to manage the local reference yourself. See QJniObject::fromLocalRef()
    for converting a local reference to a QJniObject.
 
    \sa fromLocalRef()
*/
QJniObject::QJniObject(jobject object)
    : d(new QJniObjectPrivate())
{
    if (!object)
        return;
 
    JNIEnv *env = jniEnv();
    d->m_jobject = env->NewGlobalRef(object);
    jclass cls = env->GetObjectClass(object);
    d->m_jclass = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(cls));
    env->DeleteLocalRef(cls);
}
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename Class, typename ...Args> static inline QJniObject QJniObject::construct(Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Constructs an instance of the Java class that is the equivalent of \c Class and
    returns a QJniObject containing the JNI object. The arguments in \a args are
    passed to the Java constructor.
 
    \code
    QJniObject javaString = QJniObject::construct<jstring>();
    \endcode
 
    This function is only available if all \a args are known \l {JNI Types}.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject::~QJniObject()
 
    Destroys the JNI object and releases any references held by the JNI object.
*/
QJniObject::~QJniObject()
{}
 
/*!
    \fn void QJniObject::swap(QJniObject &other)
    \since 6.8
    \memberswap{object}
*/
 
 
namespace {
QByteArray getClassNameHelper(JNIEnv *env, const QJniObjectPrivate *d)
{
    if (env->PushLocalFrame(3) != JNI_OK) // JVM out of memory
        return QByteArray();
 
    jmethodID mid = env->GetMethodID(d->m_jclass, "getClass", "()Ljava/lang/Class;");
    jobject classObject = env->CallObjectMethod(d->m_jobject, mid);
    jclass classObjectClass = env->GetObjectClass(classObject);
    mid = env->GetMethodID(classObjectClass, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
    jstring stringObject = static_cast<jstring>(env->CallObjectMethod(classObject, mid));
    const jsize length = env->GetStringUTFLength(stringObject);
    const char* nameString = env->GetStringUTFChars(stringObject, NULL);
    const QByteArray result = QByteArray::fromRawData(nameString, length).replace('.', '/');
    env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(stringObject, nameString);
    env->PopLocalFrame(nullptr);
    return result;
}
}
 
/*! \internal
 
    Returns the JNIEnv of the calling thread.
*/
JNIEnv *QJniObject::jniEnv() const noexcept
{
    return QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
}
 
/*!
    \fn jobject QJniObject::object() const
    \fn template <typename T> T QJniObject::object() const
 
    Returns the object held by the QJniObject either as jobject or as type T.
    T can be one of \l {Object Types}{JNI Object Types}.
 
    \code
    QJniObject string = QJniObject::fromString("Hello, JNI");
    jstring jstring = string.object<jstring>();
    \endcode
 
    \note The returned object is still kept alive by this QJniObject. To keep the
    object alive beyond the lifetime of this QJniObject, for example to record it
    for later use, the easiest approach is to store it in another QJniObject with
    a suitable lifetime. Alternatively, you may create a new global reference to the
    object and store it, taking care to free it when you are done with it.
 
    \snippet jni/src_qjniobject.cpp QJniObject scope
*/
jobject QJniObject::object() const
{
    return javaObject();
}
 
/*!
    \fn jclass QJniObject::objectClass() const
 
    Returns the class object held by the QJniObject as a \c jclass.
 
    \note The returned object is still kept alive by this QJniObject. To keep the
    object alive beyond the lifetime of this QJniObject, for example to record it
    for later use, the easiest approach is to store it in another QJniObject with
    a suitable lifetime. Alternatively, you may create a new global reference to the
    object and store it, taking care to free it when you are done with it.
 
    \since 6.2
*/
jclass QJniObject::objectClass() const
{
    return d->m_jclass;
}
 
/*!
    \fn QByteArray QJniObject::className() const
 
    Returns the name of the class object held by the QJniObject as a \c QByteArray.
 
    \since 6.2
*/
QByteArray QJniObject::className() const
{
    if (d->m_className.isEmpty() && d->m_jclass && d->m_jobject) {
        JNIEnv *env = jniEnv();
        d->m_className = getClassNameHelper(env, d.get());
    }
    return d->m_className;
}
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callMethod(const char *methodName, const char *signature, Args &&...args) const
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the object's method \a methodName with \a signature specifying the types of any
    subsequent arguments \a args, and returns the value (unless Ret is \c void). If Ret
    is a jobject type, then the returned value will be a QJniObject.
 
    \code
    QJniObject myJavaString("org/qtproject/qt/TestClass");
    jint index = myJavaString.callMethod<jint>("indexOf", "(I)I", 0x0051);
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callMethod(const char *methodName, Args &&...args) const
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the method \a methodName with arguments \a args and returns the value
    (unless Ret is \c void). If Ret is a jobject type, then the returned value
    will be a QJniObject.
 
    \code
    QJniObject myJavaString("org/qtproject/qt/TestClass");
    jint size = myJavaString.callMethod<jint>("length");
    \endcode
 
    The method signature is deduced at compile time from Ret and the types
    of \a args. Ret can be a \c{std::expected}-compatible type that returns
    a value, or \l{Handling Java Exceptions}{any Java exception thrown} by the
    called method.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callStaticMethod(const char *className, const char *methodName, const char *signature, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName from class \a className with \a signature
    specifying the types of any subsequent arguments \a args. Returns the result of
    the method (unless Ret is \c void). If Ret is a jobject type, then the
    returned value will be a QJniObject.
 
    \code
    jint a = 2;
    jint b = 4;
    jint max = QJniObject::callStaticMethod<jint>("java/lang/Math", "max", "(II)I", a, b);
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callStaticMethod(const char *className, const char *methodName, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName on class \a className with arguments \a args,
    and returns the value of type Ret (unless Ret is \c void). If Ret
    is a jobject type, then the returned value will be a QJniObject.
 
    \code
    jint value = QJniObject::callStaticMethod<jint>("MyClass", "staticMethod");
    \endcode
 
    The method signature is deduced at compile time from Ret and the types
    of \a args. Ret can be a \c{std::expected}-compatible type that returns
    a value, or \l{Handling Java Exceptions}{any Java exception thrown} by the
    called method.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callStaticMethod(jclass clazz, const char *methodName, const char *signature, Args &&...args)
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName from \a clazz with \a signature
    specifying the types of any subsequent arguments. Returns the result of
    the method (unless Ret is \c void). If Ret is a jobject type, then the
    returned value will be a QJniObject.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    jclass javaMathClass = env.findClass("java/lang/Math");
    jint a = 2;
    jint b = 4;
    jint max = QJniObject::callStaticMethod<jint>(javaMathClass, "max", "(II)I", a, b);
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callStaticMethod(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodId, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the static method identified by \a methodId from the class \a clazz
    with any subsequent arguments, and returns the value of type Ret (unless
    Ret is \c void). If Ret is a jobject type, then the returned value will
    be a QJniObject.
 
    Useful when \a clazz and \a methodId are already cached from previous operations.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    jclass javaMathClass = env.findClass("java/lang/Math");
    jmethodID methodId = env.findStaticMethod(javaMathClass, "max", "(II)I");
    if (methodId != 0) {
        jint a = 2;
        jint b = 4;
        jint max = QJniObject::callStaticMethod<jint>(javaMathClass, methodId, a, b);
    }
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callStaticMethod(jclass clazz, const char *methodName, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName on \a clazz and returns the value of type Ret
    (unless Ret is \c void).  If Ret is a jobject type, then the returned value will
    be a QJniObject.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    jclass javaMathClass = env.findClass("java/lang/Math");
    jdouble randNr = QJniObject::callStaticMethod<jdouble>(javaMathClass, "random");
    \endcode
 
    The method signature is deduced at compile time from Ret and the types
    of \a args. Ret can be a \c{std::expected}-compatible type that returns
    a value, or \l{Handling Java Exceptions}{any Java exception thrown} by the
    called method.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Klass, typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QJniObject::callStaticMethod(const char *methodName, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.7
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName on the class \c Klass and returns the value of type
    Ret (unless Ret is \c void).  If Ret is a jobject type, then the returned value will
    be a QJniObject.
 
    The method signature is deduced at compile time from Ret and the types
    of \a args. \c Klass needs to be a C++ type with a registered type mapping
    to a Java type. Ret can be a \c{std::expected}-compatible type that
    returns a value, or \l{Handling Java Exceptions}{any Java exception thrown}
    by the called method.
 
*/
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::callObjectMethod(const char *methodName, const char *signature, ...) const
 
    Calls the Java object's method \a methodName with \a signature specifying
    the types of any subsequent arguments.
 
    \code
    QJniObject myJavaString = QJniObject::fromString("Hello, Java");
    QJniObject mySubstring = myJavaString.callObjectMethod("substring",
                                                           "(II)Ljava/lang/String;", 7, 11);
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::callObjectMethod(const char *methodName, const char *signature, ...) const
{
    JNIEnv *env = jniEnv();
    jmethodID id = getCachedMethodID(env, methodName, signature);
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, signature);
    // can't go back from variadic arguments to variadic templates
    jobject object = id ? jniEnv()->CallObjectMethodV(javaObject(), id, args) : nullptr;
    QJniObject res = getCleanJniObject(object, env);
    va_end(args);
 
    QJniEnvironment::checkAndClearExceptions(env);
    return res;
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(const char *className, const char *methodName, const char *signature, ...)
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName from the class \a className with \a signature
    specifying the types of any subsequent arguments.
 
    \code
    QJniObject thread = QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod("java/lang/Thread", "currentThread",
                                                           "()Ljava/lang/Thread;");
    QJniObject string = QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod("java/lang/String", "valueOf",
                                                           "(I)Ljava/lang/String;", 10);
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(const char *className, const char *methodName,
                                              const char *signature, ...)
{
    JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
    jclass clazz = QJniObject::loadClass(className, env);
    if (clazz) {
        jmethodID id = QJniObject::getCachedMethodID(env, clazz,
                                         className,
                                         methodName, signature, true);
        if (id) {
            va_list args;
            va_start(args, signature);
            QJniObject res = getCleanJniObject(env->CallStaticObjectMethodV(clazz, id, args), env);
            va_end(args);
            return res;
        }
    }
 
    return QJniObject();
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(jclass clazz, const char *methodName, const char *signature, ...)
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName from class \a clazz with \a signature
    specifying the types of any subsequent arguments.
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(jclass clazz, const char *methodName,
                                              const char *signature, ...)
{
    if (clazz) {
        QJniEnvironment env;
        jmethodID id = getMethodID(env.jniEnv(), clazz, methodName, signature, true);
        if (id) {
            va_list args;
            va_start(args, signature);
            QJniObject res = getCleanJniObject(env->CallStaticObjectMethodV(clazz, id, args), env.jniEnv());
            va_end(args);
            return res;
        }
    }
 
    return QJniObject();
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodId, ...)
 
    Calls the static method identified by \a methodId from the class \a clazz
    with any subsequent arguments. Useful when \a clazz and \a methodId are
    already cached from previous operations.
 
    \code
    QJniEnvironment env;
    jclass clazz = env.findClass("java/lang/String");
    jmethodID methodId = env.findStaticMethod(clazz, "valueOf", "(I)Ljava/lang/String;");
    if (methodId != 0)
        QJniObject str = QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(clazz, methodId, 10);
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(jclass clazz, jmethodID methodId, ...)
{
    if (clazz && methodId) {
        JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, methodId);
        QJniObject res = getCleanJniObject(env->CallStaticObjectMethodV(clazz, methodId, args), env);
        va_end(args);
        return res;
    }
 
    return QJniObject();
}
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename Ret, typename ...Args> QJniObject QJniObject::callObjectMethod(const char *methodName, Args &&...args) const
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the Java objects method \a methodName with arguments \a args and returns a
    new QJniObject for the returned Java object.
 
    \code
    QJniObject myJavaString = QJniObject::fromString("Hello, Java");
    QJniObject myJavaString2 = myJavaString1.callObjectMethod<jstring>("toString");
    \endcode
 
    The method signature is deduced at compile time from Ret and the types
    of \a args. Ret can be a \c{std::expected}-compatible type that returns
    a value, or \l{Handling Java Exceptions}{any Java exception thrown} by the
    called method.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename Ret, typename ...Args> QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(const char *className, const char *methodName, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the static method with \a methodName on the class \a className, passing
    arguments \a args, and returns a new QJniObject for the returned Java object.
 
    \code
    QJniObject string = QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod<jstring>("CustomClass", "getClassName");
    \endcode
 
    The method signature is deduced at compile time from Ret and the types
    of \a args. Ret can be a \c{std::expected}-compatible type that returns
    a value, or \l{Handling Java Exceptions}{any Java exception thrown} by the
    called method.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename Ret, typename ...Args> QJniObject QJniObject::callStaticObjectMethod(jclass clazz, const char *methodName, Args &&...args)
    \since 6.4
 
    Calls the static method with \a methodName on \a clazz, passing arguments \a args,
    and returns a new QJniObject for the returned Java object.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<T, jobject>, bool> = true> QJniObject &QJniObject::operator=(T object)
 
    Replace the current object with \a object. The old Java object will be released.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename Type> auto QJniObject::setStaticField(const char *className, const char *fieldName, const char *signature, Type value);
 
    Sets the static field \a fieldName on the class \a className to \a value
    using the setter with \a signature.
 
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename Type> auto QJniObject::setStaticField(jclass clazz, const char *fieldName, const char *signature, Type value);
 
    Sets the static field \a fieldName on the class \a clazz to \a value using
    the setter with \a signature.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename T> T QJniObject::getField(const char *fieldName) const
 
    Retrieves the value of the field \a fieldName.
 
    \code
    QJniObject volumeControl("org/qtproject/qt/TestClass");
    jint fieldValue = volumeControl.getField<jint>("FIELD_NAME");
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename T> T QJniObject::getStaticField(const char *className, const char *fieldName)
 
    Retrieves the value from the static field \a fieldName on the class \a className.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename T> T QJniObject::getStaticField(jclass clazz, const char *fieldName)
 
    Retrieves the value from the static field \a fieldName on \a clazz.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Klass, typename T> auto QJniObject::getStaticField(const char *fieldName)
 
    Retrieves the value from the static field \a fieldName for the class \c Klass.
 
    \c Klass needs to be a C++ type with a registered type mapping to a Java type.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename Type> auto QJniObject::setStaticField(const char *className, const char *fieldName, Type value)
 
    Sets the static field \a fieldName of the class \a className to \a value.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename Type> auto QJniObject::setStaticField(jclass clazz, const char *fieldName, Type value)
 
    Sets the static field \a fieldName of the class \a clazz to \a value.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Klass, typename Ret, typename Type> auto QJniObject::setStaticField(const char *fieldName, Type value)
 
    Sets the static field \a fieldName of the class \c Klass to \a value.
 
    \c Klass needs to be a C++ type with a registered type mapping to a Java type.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::getStaticObjectField(const char *className, const char *fieldName, const char *signature)
 
    Retrieves a JNI object from the field \a fieldName with \a signature from
    class \a className.
 
    \note This function can be used without a template type.
 
    \code
    QJniObject jobj = QJniObject::getStaticObjectField("class/with/Fields", "FIELD_NAME",
                                                       "Ljava/lang/String;");
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::getStaticObjectField(const char *className,
                                            const char *fieldName,
                                            const char *signature)
{
    JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
    jclass clazz = QJniObject::loadClass(className, env);
    if (!clazz)
        return QJniObject();
    jfieldID id = QJniObject::getCachedFieldID(env, clazz,
                                   className,
                                   fieldName,
                                   signature, true);
    if (!id)
        return QJniObject();
 
    return getCleanJniObject(env->GetStaticObjectField(clazz, id), env);
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::getStaticObjectField(jclass clazz, const char *fieldName, const char *signature)
 
    Retrieves a JNI object from the field \a fieldName with \a signature from
    class \a clazz.
 
    \note This function can be used without a template type.
 
    \code
    QJniObject jobj = QJniObject::getStaticObjectField(clazz, "FIELD_NAME", "Ljava/lang/String;");
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::getStaticObjectField(jclass clazz, const char *fieldName,
                                            const char *signature)
{
    JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
    jfieldID id = getFieldID(env, clazz, fieldName, signature, true);
 
    const auto clearExceptions = qScopeGuard([env]{
        QJniEnvironment::checkAndClearExceptions(env);
    });
 
    return getCleanJniObject(getStaticObjectFieldImpl(env, clazz, id), env);
}
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename Type> void QJniObject::setField(const char *fieldName, const char *signature, Type value)
 
    Sets the value of \a fieldName with \a signature to \a value.
 
    \code
    QJniObject stringArray = ...;
    QJniObject obj = ...;
    obj.setObjectField<jobjectArray>("KEY_VALUES", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V",
                               stringArray.object<jobjectArray>())
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename T> QJniObject QJniObject::getObjectField(const char *fieldName) const
 
    Retrieves a JNI object from the field \a fieldName.
 
    \code
    QJniObject field = jniObject.getObjectField<jstring>("FIELD_NAME");
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::getObjectField(const char *fieldName, const char *signature) const
 
    Retrieves a JNI object from the field \a fieldName with \a signature.
 
    \note This function can be used without a template type.
 
    \code
    QJniObject field = jniObject.getObjectField("FIELD_NAME", "Ljava/lang/String;");
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::getObjectField(const char *fieldName, const char *signature) const
{
    JNIEnv *env = jniEnv();
    jfieldID id = getCachedFieldID(env, fieldName, signature);
 
    const auto clearExceptions = qScopeGuard([env]{
        QJniEnvironment::checkAndClearExceptions(env);
    });
 
    return getCleanJniObject(getObjectFieldImpl(env, id), env);
}
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Ret, typename Type> void QJniObject::setField(const char *fieldName, Type value)
 
    Sets the value of \a fieldName to \a value.
 
    \code
    QJniObject obj;
    obj.setField<jint>("AN_INT_FIELD", 10);
    jstring myString = ...;
    obj.setField<jstring>("A_STRING_FIELD", myString);
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename T> QJniObject QJniObject::getStaticObjectField(const char *className, const char *fieldName)
 
    Retrieves the object from the field \a fieldName on the class \a className.
 
    \code
    QJniObject jobj = QJniObject::getStaticObjectField<jstring>("class/with/Fields", "FIELD_NAME");
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template<typename T> QJniObject QJniObject::getStaticObjectField(jclass clazz, const char *fieldName)
 
    Retrieves the object from the field \a fieldName on \a clazz.
 
    \code
    QJniObject jobj = QJniObject::getStaticObjectField<jstring>(clazz, "FIELD_NAME");
    \endcode
*/
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::fromString(const QString &string)
 
    Creates a Java string from the QString \a string and returns a QJniObject holding that string.
 
    \code
    QString myQString = "QString";
    QJniObject myJavaString = QJniObject::fromString(myQString);
    \endcode
 
    \sa toString()
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::fromString(const QString &string)
{
    JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
    jstring stringRef = QtJniTypes::Detail::fromQString(string, env);
    QJniObject stringObject = getCleanJniObject(stringRef, env);
    stringObject.d->m_className = QtJniTypes::Traits<jstring>::className();
    stringObject.d->m_resolvedByName = true;
    stringObject.d->m_is_jstring = QJniObjectPrivate::IsJString::Yes;
    return stringObject;
}
 
/*!
    \fn QString QJniObject::toString() const
 
    Returns a QString with a string representation of the java object.
    Calling this function on a Java String object is a convenient way of getting the actual string
    data.
 
    \code
    QJniObject string = ...; //  "Hello Java"
    QString qstring = string.toString(); // "Hello Java"
    \endcode
 
    \sa fromString()
*/
QString QJniObject::toString() const
{
    if (!isValid())
        return QString();
 
    JNIEnv *env = jniEnv();
    if (d->isJString(env))
        return QtJniTypes::Detail::toQString(object<jstring>(), env);
 
    const QJniObject string = callMethod<jstring>("toString");
    return QtJniTypes::Detail::toQString(string.object<jstring>(), env);
}
 
/*!
    \fn bool QJniObject::isClassAvailable(const char *className)
 
    Returns true if the Java class \a className is available.
 
    \code
    if (QJniObject::isClassAvailable("java/lang/String")) {
        // condition statement
    }
    \endcode
*/
bool QJniObject::isClassAvailable(const char *className)
{
    JNIEnv *env = QJniEnvironment::getJniEnv();
 
    if (!env)
        return false;
 
    return loadClass(className, env);
}
 
/*!
    \fn bool QJniObject::isValid() const
 
    Returns true if this instance holds a valid Java object.
 
    \code
    QJniObject qjniObject;                        // ==> isValid() == false
    QJniObject qjniObject(0)                      // ==> isValid() == false
    QJniObject qjniObject("could/not/find/Class") // ==> isValid() == false
    \endcode
*/
bool QJniObject::isValid() const
{
    return d && d->m_jobject;
}
 
/*!
    \fn QJniObject QJniObject::fromLocalRef(jobject localRef)
 
    Creates a QJniObject from the local JNI reference \a localRef.
    This function takes ownership of \a localRef and frees it before returning.
 
    \note Only call this function with a local JNI reference. For example, most raw JNI calls,
    through the JNI environment, return local references to a java object.
 
    \code
    jobject localRef = env->GetObjectArrayElement(array, index);
    QJniObject element = QJniObject::fromLocalRef(localRef);
    \endcode
*/
QJniObject QJniObject::fromLocalRef(jobject lref)
{
    QJniObject obj(lref);
    obj.jniEnv()->DeleteLocalRef(lref);
    return obj;
}
 
bool QJniObject::isSameObject(jobject obj) const
{
    if (!d)
        return obj == nullptr;
    if (d->m_jobject == obj)
        return true;
    if (!d->m_jobject || !obj)
        return false;
    return jniEnv()->IsSameObject(d->m_jobject, obj);
}
 
bool QJniObject::isSameObject(const QJniObject &other) const
{
    if (!other.isValid())
        return !isValid();
    return isSameObject(other.d->m_jobject);
}
 
void QJniObject::assign(jobject obj)
{
    if (d && isSameObject(obj))
        return;
 
    d = QSharedPointer<QJniObjectPrivate>::create();
    if (obj) {
        JNIEnv *env = jniEnv();
        d->m_jobject = env->NewGlobalRef(obj);
        jclass objectClass = env->GetObjectClass(obj);
        d->m_jclass = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(objectClass));
        env->DeleteLocalRef(objectClass);
    }
}
 
jobject QJniObject::javaObject() const
{
    return d->m_jobject;
}
 
/*!
    \class QtJniTypes::JObjectBase
    \brief The JObjectBase in the QtJniTypes namespace is the base of all declared Java types.
    \inmodule QtCore
    \internal
*/
 
/*!
    \class QtJniTypes::JObject
    \inmodule QtCore
    \brief The JObject template in the QtJniTypes namespace is the base of declared Java types.
    \since Qt 6.8
 
    JObject<Type> is a template class where \a Type specifies the Java type
    being represented.
 
    This template gets specialized when using the Q_DECLARE_JNI_CLASS macro. The
    specialization produces a unique type in the QtJniTypes namespace. This
    allows the type system to deduce the correct signature in JNI calls when an
    instance of the specialized type is passed as a parameter.
 
    Instances can be implicitly converted to and from QJniObject and jobject,
    and provide the same template API as QJniObject to call methods and access
    properties. Since instances of JObject know about the Java type they hold,
    APIs to access static methods or fields do not require the class name as an
    explicit parameter.
 
    \sa Q_DECLARE_JNI_CLASS
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::JObject()
 
    Default-constructs the JObject instance. This also default-constructs an
    instance of the represented Java type.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::JObject(const QJniObject &other)
 
    Constructs a JObject instance that holds a reference to the same jobject as \a other.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::JObject(jobject other)
 
    Constructs a JObject instance that holds a reference to \a other.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::JObject(QJniObject &&other)
 
    Move-constructs a JObject instance from \a other.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> bool QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::isValid() const
 
    Returns whether the JObject instance holds a valid reference to a jobject.
 
    \sa QJniObject::isValid()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> jclass QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::objectClass() const
 
    Returns the Java class that this JObject is an instance of as a jclass.
 
    \sa className(), QJniObject::objectClass()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> QString QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::toString() const
 
    Returns a QString with a string representation of the Java object.
 
    \sa QJniObject::toString()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> QByteArray QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::className() const
 
    Returns the name of the Java class that this object is an instance of.
 
    \sa objectClass(), QJniObject::className()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> bool QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::isClassAvailable()
 
    Returns whether the class that this JObject specialization represents is
    available.
 
    \sa QJniObject::isClassAvailable()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> JObject QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::fromJObject(jobject object)
 
    Constructs a JObject instance from \a object and returns that instance.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> template <typename ...Args> JObject QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::construct(Args &&...args)
 
    Constructs a Java object from \a args and returns a JObject instance that
    holds a reference to that Java object.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> JObject QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::fromLocalRef(jobject ref)
 
    Constructs a JObject that holds a local reference to \a ref, and returns
    that object.
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::callStaticMethod(const char *methodName, Args &&...args)
 
    Calls the static method \a methodName with arguments \a args, and returns
    the result of type Ret (unless Ret is \c void). If Ret is a
    jobject type, then the returned value will be a QJniObject.
 
    \sa QJniObject::callStaticMethod()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> bool QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::registerNativeMethods(std::initializer_list<JNINativeMethod> methods)
 
    Registers the Java methods in \a methods with the Java class represented by
    the JObject specialization, and returns whether the registration was successful.
 
    \sa QJniEnvironment::registerNativeMethods()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> template <typename T> auto QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::getStaticField(const char *field)
 
    Returns the value of the static field \a field.
 
    \sa QJniObject::getStaticField()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> template <typename Ret, typename T> auto QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::setStaticField(const char *field, T &&value)
 
    Sets the static field \a field to \a value.
 
    \sa QJniObject::setStaticField()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> template <typename Ret, typename ...Args> auto QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::callMethod(const char *method, Args &&...args) const
 
    Calls the instance method \a method with arguments \a args, and returns
    the result of type Ret (unless Ret is \c void). If Ret is a
    jobject type, then the returned value will be a QJniObject.
 
    \sa QJniObject::callMethod()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> template <typename T> auto QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::getField(const char *field) const
 
    Returns the value of the instance field \a field.
 
    \sa QJniObject::getField()
*/
 
/*!
    \fn template <typename Type> template <typename Ret, typename T> auto QtJniTypes::JObject<Type>::setField(const char *field, T &&value)
 
    Sets the value of the instance field \a field to \a value.
 
    \sa QJniObject::setField()
*/
 
 
QT_END_NAMESPACE