cpdf_rendershading.cpp

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// Copyright 2019 The PDFium Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
 
// Original code copyright 2014 Foxit Software Inc. http://www.foxitsoftware.com
 
#include "core/fpdfapi/render/cpdf_rendershading.h"
 
#include <math.h>
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
#include "core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_colorspace.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_dib.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_function.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/page/cpdf_meshstream.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_array.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_dictionary.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/parser/cpdf_stream.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/parser/fpdf_parser_utility.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/render/cpdf_devicebuffer.h"
#include "core/fpdfapi/render/cpdf_renderoptions.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/check.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/check_op.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/compiler_specific.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/fx_safe_types.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/fx_system.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/numerics/clamped_math.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/span.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/span_util.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/stl_util.h"
#include "core/fxcrt/unowned_ptr.h"
#include "core/fxge/cfx_defaultrenderdevice.h"
#include "core/fxge/cfx_fillrenderoptions.h"
#include "core/fxge/cfx_path.h"
#include "core/fxge/dib/cfx_dibitmap.h"
#include "core/fxge/dib/fx_dib.h"
 
namespace {
 
constexpr int kShadingSteps = 256;
 
uint32_t CountOutputsFromFunctions(
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs) {
  FX_SAFE_UINT32 total = 0;
  for (const auto& func : funcs) {
    if (func)
      total += func->OutputCount();
  }
  return total.ValueOrDefault(0);
}
 
uint32_t GetValidatedOutputsCount(
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
    const RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace>& pCS) {
  uint32_t funcs_outputs = CountOutputsFromFunctions(funcs);
  return funcs_outputs ? std::max(funcs_outputs, pCS->ComponentCount()) : 0;
}
 
std::array<FX_ARGB, kShadingSteps> GetShadingSteps(
    float t_min,
    float t_max,
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
    const RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace>& pCS,
    int alpha,
    size_t results_count) {
  CHECK_GE(results_count, CountOutputsFromFunctions(funcs));
  CHECK_GE(results_count, pCS->ComponentCount());
  std::array<FX_ARGB, kShadingSteps> shading_steps;
  std::vector<float> result_array(results_count);
  float diff = t_max - t_min;
  for (int i = 0; i < kShadingSteps; ++i) {
    float input = diff * i / kShadingSteps + t_min;
    pdfium::span<float> result_span = pdfium::make_span(result_array);
    for (const auto& func : funcs) {
      if (!func)
        continue;
      std::optional<uint32_t> nresults =
          func->Call(pdfium::span_from_ref(input), result_span);
      if (nresults.has_value())
        result_span = result_span.subspan(nresults.value());
    }
    auto rgb = pCS->GetRGBOrZerosOnError(result_array);
    shading_steps[i] =
        ArgbEncode(alpha, FXSYS_roundf(rgb.red * 255),
                   FXSYS_roundf(rgb.green * 255), FXSYS_roundf(rgb.blue * 255));
  }
  return shading_steps;
}
 
void DrawAxialShading(const RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap>& pBitmap,
                      const CFX_Matrix& mtObject2Bitmap,
                      const CPDF_Dictionary* pDict,
                      const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
                      const RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace>& pCS,
                      int alpha) {
  DCHECK_EQ(pBitmap->GetFormat(), FXDIB_Format::kBgra);
 
  const uint32_t total_results = GetValidatedOutputsCount(funcs, pCS);
  if (total_results == 0)
    return;
 
  RetainPtr<const CPDF_Array> pCoords = pDict->GetArrayFor("Coords");
  if (!pCoords)
    return;
 
  float start_x = pCoords->GetFloatAt(0);
  float start_y = pCoords->GetFloatAt(1);
  float end_x = pCoords->GetFloatAt(2);
  float end_y = pCoords->GetFloatAt(3);
  float t_min = 0;
  float t_max = 1.0f;
  RetainPtr<const CPDF_Array> pArray = pDict->GetArrayFor("Domain");
  if (pArray) {
    t_min = pArray->GetFloatAt(0);
    t_max = pArray->GetFloatAt(1);
  }
  pArray = pDict->GetArrayFor("Extend");
  const bool bStartExtend = pArray && pArray->GetBooleanAt(0, false);
  const bool bEndExtend = pArray && pArray->GetBooleanAt(1, false);
 
  int width = pBitmap->GetWidth();
  int height = pBitmap->GetHeight();
  float x_span = end_x - start_x;
  float y_span = end_y - start_y;
  float axis_len_square = (x_span * x_span) + (y_span * y_span);
 
  std::array<FX_ARGB, kShadingSteps> shading_steps =
      GetShadingSteps(t_min, t_max, funcs, pCS, alpha, total_results);
 
  CFX_Matrix matrix = mtObject2Bitmap.GetInverse();
  for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
    auto dest_buf = pBitmap->GetWritableScanlineAs<uint32_t>(row).first(width);
    size_t column_counter = 0;
    for (auto& pix : dest_buf) {
      const float column = static_cast<float>(column_counter++);
      const CFX_PointF pos =
          matrix.Transform(CFX_PointF(column, static_cast<float>(row)));
      float scale =
          (((pos.x - start_x) * x_span) + ((pos.y - start_y) * y_span)) /
          axis_len_square;
      int index = static_cast<int32_t>(scale * (kShadingSteps - 1));
      if (index < 0) {
        if (!bStartExtend) {
          continue;
        }
        index = 0;
      } else if (index >= kShadingSteps) {
        if (!bEndExtend) {
          continue;
        }
        index = kShadingSteps - 1;
      }
      pix = shading_steps[index];
    }
  }
}
 
void DrawRadialShading(const RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap>& pBitmap,
                       const CFX_Matrix& mtObject2Bitmap,
                       const CPDF_Dictionary* pDict,
                       const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
                       const RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace>& pCS,
                       int alpha) {
  DCHECK_EQ(pBitmap->GetFormat(), FXDIB_Format::kBgra);
 
  const uint32_t total_results = GetValidatedOutputsCount(funcs, pCS);
  if (total_results == 0)
    return;
 
  RetainPtr<const CPDF_Array> pCoords = pDict->GetArrayFor("Coords");
  if (!pCoords)
    return;
 
  float start_x = pCoords->GetFloatAt(0);
  float start_y = pCoords->GetFloatAt(1);
  float start_r = pCoords->GetFloatAt(2);
  float end_x = pCoords->GetFloatAt(3);
  float end_y = pCoords->GetFloatAt(4);
  float end_r = pCoords->GetFloatAt(5);
  float t_min = 0;
  float t_max = 1.0f;
  RetainPtr<const CPDF_Array> pArray = pDict->GetArrayFor("Domain");
  if (pArray) {
    t_min = pArray->GetFloatAt(0);
    t_max = pArray->GetFloatAt(1);
  }
  pArray = pDict->GetArrayFor("Extend");
  const bool bStartExtend = pArray && pArray->GetBooleanAt(0, false);
  const bool bEndExtend = pArray && pArray->GetBooleanAt(1, false);
 
  std::array<FX_ARGB, kShadingSteps> shading_steps =
      GetShadingSteps(t_min, t_max, funcs, pCS, alpha, total_results);
 
  const float dx = end_x - start_x;
  const float dy = end_y - start_y;
  const float dr = end_r - start_r;
  const float a = dx * dx + dy * dy - dr * dr;
  const bool a_is_float_zero = FXSYS_IsFloatZero(a);
 
  int width = pBitmap->GetWidth();
  int height = pBitmap->GetHeight();
  bool bDecreasing = dr < 0 && static_cast<int>(hypotf(dx, dy)) < -dr;
 
  CFX_Matrix matrix = mtObject2Bitmap.GetInverse();
  for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
    auto dest_buf = pBitmap->GetWritableScanlineAs<uint32_t>(row).first(width);
    size_t column_counter = 0;
    for (auto& pix : dest_buf) {
      const float column = static_cast<float>(column_counter++);
      const CFX_PointF pos =
          matrix.Transform(CFX_PointF(column, static_cast<float>(row)));
      float pos_dx = pos.x - start_x;
      float pos_dy = pos.y - start_y;
      float b = -2 * (pos_dx * dx + pos_dy * dy + start_r * dr);
      float c = pos_dx * pos_dx + pos_dy * pos_dy - start_r * start_r;
      float s;
      if (FXSYS_IsFloatZero(b)) {
        s = sqrt(-c / a);
      } else if (a_is_float_zero) {
        s = -c / b;
      } else {
        float b2_4ac = (b * b) - 4 * (a * c);
        if (b2_4ac < 0) {
          continue;
        }
        float root = sqrt(b2_4ac);
        float s1 = (-b - root) / (2 * a);
        float s2 = (-b + root) / (2 * a);
        if (a <= 0)
          std::swap(s1, s2);
        if (bDecreasing) {
          s = (s1 >= 0 || bStartExtend) ? s1 : s2;
        } else {
          s = (s2 <= 1.0f || bEndExtend) ? s2 : s1;
        }
        if (start_r + s * dr < 0) {
          continue;
        }
      }
      int index = static_cast<int32_t>(s * (kShadingSteps - 1));
      if (index < 0) {
        if (!bStartExtend) {
          continue;
        }
        index = 0;
      } else if (index >= kShadingSteps) {
        if (!bEndExtend) {
          continue;
        }
        index = kShadingSteps - 1;
      }
      pix = shading_steps[index];
    }
  }
}
 
void DrawFuncShading(const RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap>& pBitmap,
                     const CFX_Matrix& mtObject2Bitmap,
                     const CPDF_Dictionary* pDict,
                     const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
                     const RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace>& pCS,
                     int alpha) {
  DCHECK_EQ(pBitmap->GetFormat(), FXDIB_Format::kBgra);
 
  const uint32_t total_results = GetValidatedOutputsCount(funcs, pCS);
  if (total_results == 0)
    return;
 
  RetainPtr<const CPDF_Array> pDomain = pDict->GetArrayFor("Domain");
  float xmin = 0.0f;
  float ymin = 0.0f;
  float xmax = 1.0f;
  float ymax = 1.0f;
  if (pDomain) {
    xmin = pDomain->GetFloatAt(0);
    xmax = pDomain->GetFloatAt(1);
    ymin = pDomain->GetFloatAt(2);
    ymax = pDomain->GetFloatAt(3);
  }
  CFX_Matrix mtDomain2Target = pDict->GetMatrixFor("Matrix");
  CFX_Matrix matrix =
      mtObject2Bitmap.GetInverse() * mtDomain2Target.GetInverse();
  int width = pBitmap->GetWidth();
  int height = pBitmap->GetHeight();
 
  CHECK_GE(total_results, CountOutputsFromFunctions(funcs));
  CHECK_GE(total_results, pCS->ComponentCount());
  std::vector<float> result_array(total_results);
  for (int row = 0; row < height; ++row) {
    auto dib_buf = pBitmap->GetWritableScanlineAs<uint32_t>(row);
    for (int column = 0; column < width; column++) {
      CFX_PointF pos = matrix.Transform(
          CFX_PointF(static_cast<float>(column), static_cast<float>(row)));
      if (pos.x < xmin || pos.x > xmax || pos.y < ymin || pos.y > ymax)
        continue;
 
      float input[2] = {pos.x, pos.y};
      pdfium::span<float> result_span = pdfium::make_span(result_array);
      for (const auto& func : funcs) {
        if (!func)
          continue;
        std::optional<uint32_t> nresults = func->Call(input, result_span);
        if (nresults.has_value())
          result_span = result_span.subspan(nresults.value());
      }
      auto rgb = pCS->GetRGBOrZerosOnError(result_array);
      dib_buf[column] = ArgbEncode(alpha, static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.red * 255),
                                   static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.green * 255),
                                   static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.blue * 255));
    }
  }
}
 
bool GetScanlineIntersect(int y,
                          const CFX_PointF& first,
                          const CFX_PointF& second,
                          float* x) {
  if (first.y == second.y)
    return false;
 
  if (first.y < second.y) {
    if (y < first.y || y > second.y)
      return false;
  } else if (y < second.y || y > first.y) {
    return false;
  }
  *x = first.x + ((second.x - first.x) * (y - first.y) / (second.y - first.y));
  return true;
}
 
void DrawGouraud(const RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap>& pBitmap,
                 int alpha,
                 pdfium::span<CPDF_MeshVertex, 3> triangle) {
  float min_y = triangle[0].position.y;
  float max_y = triangle[0].position.y;
  for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
    min_y = std::min(min_y, triangle[i].position.y);
    max_y = std::max(max_y, triangle[i].position.y);
  }
  if (min_y == max_y)
    return;
 
  int min_yi = std::max(static_cast<int>(floorf(min_y)), 0);
  int max_yi = static_cast<int>(ceilf(max_y));
  if (max_yi >= pBitmap->GetHeight())
    max_yi = pBitmap->GetHeight() - 1;
 
  for (int y = min_yi; y <= max_yi; y++) {
    int nIntersects = 0;
    std::array<float, 3> inter_x;
    std::array<float, 3> r;
    std::array<float, 3> g;
    std::array<float, 3> b;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      const CPDF_MeshVertex& vertex1 = triangle[i];
      const CPDF_MeshVertex& vertex2 = triangle[(i + 1) % 3];
      const CFX_PointF& position1 = vertex1.position;
      const CFX_PointF& position2 = vertex2.position;
      bool bIntersect =
          GetScanlineIntersect(y, position1, position2, &inter_x[nIntersects]);
      if (!bIntersect)
        continue;
 
      float y_dist = (y - position1.y) / (position2.y - position1.y);
      r[nIntersects] =
          vertex1.rgb.red + ((vertex2.rgb.red - vertex1.rgb.red) * y_dist);
      g[nIntersects] = vertex1.rgb.green +
                       ((vertex2.rgb.green - vertex1.rgb.green) * y_dist);
      b[nIntersects] =
          vertex1.rgb.blue + ((vertex2.rgb.blue - vertex1.rgb.blue) * y_dist);
      nIntersects++;
    }
    if (nIntersects != 2)
      continue;
 
    int min_x;
    int max_x;
    int start_index;
    int end_index;
    if (inter_x[0] < inter_x[1]) {
      min_x = static_cast<int>(floorf(inter_x[0]));
      max_x = static_cast<int>(ceilf(inter_x[1]));
      start_index = 0;
      end_index = 1;
    } else {
      min_x = static_cast<int>(floorf(inter_x[1]));
      max_x = static_cast<int>(ceilf(inter_x[0]));
      start_index = 1;
      end_index = 0;
    }
 
    int start_x = std::clamp(min_x, 0, pBitmap->GetWidth());
    int end_x = std::clamp(max_x, 0, pBitmap->GetWidth());
    const int range_x = pdfium::ClampSub(max_x, min_x);
    float r_unit = (r[end_index] - r[start_index]) / range_x;
    float g_unit = (g[end_index] - g[start_index]) / range_x;
    float b_unit = (b[end_index] - b[start_index]) / range_x;
    const int diff_x = pdfium::ClampSub(start_x, min_x);
    float r_result = r[start_index] + diff_x * r_unit;
    float g_result = g[start_index] + diff_x * g_unit;
    float b_result = b[start_index] + diff_x * b_unit;
    pdfium::span<uint8_t> dib_span =
        pBitmap->GetWritableScanline(y).subspan(start_x * 4);
 
    for (int x = start_x; x < end_x; x++) {
      r_result += r_unit;
      g_result += g_unit;
      b_result += b_unit;
      UNSAFE_TODO(FXARGB_SetDIB(
          dib_span.data(), ArgbEncode(alpha, static_cast<int>(r_result * 255),
                                      static_cast<int>(g_result * 255),
                                      static_cast<int>(b_result * 255))));
      dib_span = dib_span.subspan(4);
    }
  }
}
 
void DrawFreeGouraudShading(
    const RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap>& pBitmap,
    const CFX_Matrix& mtObject2Bitmap,
    RetainPtr<const CPDF_Stream> pShadingStream,
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
    RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace> pCS,
    int alpha) {
  DCHECK_EQ(pBitmap->GetFormat(), FXDIB_Format::kBgra);
 
  CPDF_MeshStream stream(kFreeFormGouraudTriangleMeshShading, funcs,
                         std::move(pShadingStream), std::move(pCS));
  if (!stream.Load())
    return;
 
  std::array<CPDF_MeshVertex, 3> triangle;
  while (!stream.IsEOF()) {
    CPDF_MeshVertex vertex;
    uint32_t flag;
    if (!stream.ReadVertex(mtObject2Bitmap, &vertex, &flag))
      return;
 
    if (flag == 0) {
      triangle[0] = vertex;
      for (int i = 1; i < 3; ++i) {
        uint32_t dummy_flag;
        if (!stream.ReadVertex(mtObject2Bitmap, &triangle[i], &dummy_flag))
          return;
      }
    } else {
      if (flag == 1)
        triangle[0] = triangle[1];
 
      triangle[1] = triangle[2];
      triangle[2] = vertex;
    }
    DrawGouraud(pBitmap, alpha, triangle);
  }
}
 
void DrawLatticeGouraudShading(
    const RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap>& pBitmap,
    const CFX_Matrix& mtObject2Bitmap,
    RetainPtr<const CPDF_Stream> pShadingStream,
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
    RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace> pCS,
    int alpha) {
  DCHECK_EQ(pBitmap->GetFormat(), FXDIB_Format::kBgra);
 
  int row_verts = pShadingStream->GetDict()->GetIntegerFor("VerticesPerRow");
  if (row_verts < 2)
    return;
 
  CPDF_MeshStream stream(kLatticeFormGouraudTriangleMeshShading, funcs,
                         std::move(pShadingStream), std::move(pCS));
  if (!stream.Load())
    return;
 
  std::array<std::vector<CPDF_MeshVertex>, 2> vertices;
  vertices[0] = stream.ReadVertexRow(mtObject2Bitmap, row_verts);
  if (vertices[0].empty())
    return;
 
  int last_index = 0;
  while (true) {
    vertices[1 - last_index] = stream.ReadVertexRow(mtObject2Bitmap, row_verts);
    if (vertices[1 - last_index].empty())
      return;
 
    CPDF_MeshVertex triangle[3];
    for (int i = 1; i < row_verts; ++i) {
      triangle[0] = vertices[last_index][i];
      triangle[1] = vertices[1 - last_index][i - 1];
      triangle[2] = vertices[last_index][i - 1];
      DrawGouraud(pBitmap, alpha, triangle);
      triangle[2] = vertices[1 - last_index][i];
      DrawGouraud(pBitmap, alpha, triangle);
    }
    last_index = 1 - last_index;
  }
}
 
struct CoonBezierCoeff {
  void InitFromPoints(float p0, float p1, float p2, float p3) {
    a = -p0 + 3 * p1 - 3 * p2 + p3;
    b = 3 * p0 - 6 * p1 + 3 * p2;
    c = -3 * p0 + 3 * p1;
    d = p0;
  }
 
  void InitFromBezierInterpolation(const CoonBezierCoeff& C1,
                                   const CoonBezierCoeff& C2,
                                   const CoonBezierCoeff& D1,
                                   const CoonBezierCoeff& D2) {
    a = (D1.a + D2.a) / 2;
    b = (D1.b + D2.b) / 2;
    c = (D1.c + D2.c) / 2 - (C1.a / 8 + C1.b / 4 + C1.c / 2) +
        (C2.a / 8 + C2.b / 4) + (-C1.d + D2.d) / 2 - (C2.a + C2.b) / 2;
    d = C1.a / 8 + C1.b / 4 + C1.c / 2 + C1.d;
  }
 
  CoonBezierCoeff first_half() const {
    CoonBezierCoeff result;
    result.a = a / 8;
    result.b = b / 4;
    result.c = c / 2;
    result.d = d;
    return result;
  }
 
  CoonBezierCoeff second_half() const {
    CoonBezierCoeff result;
    result.a = a / 8;
    result.b = 3 * a / 8 + b / 4;
    result.c = 3 * a / 8 + b / 2 + c / 2;
    result.d = a / 8 + b / 4 + c / 2 + d;
    return result;
  }
 
  void GetPoints(pdfium::span<float, 4> p) const {
    p[0] = d;
    p[1] = c / 3 + p[0];
    p[2] = b / 3 - p[0] + 2 * p[1];
    p[3] = a + p[0] - 3 * p[1] + 3 * p[2];
  }
 
  float Distance() const {
    float dis = a + b + c;
    return dis < 0 ? -dis : dis;
  }
 
  float a;
  float b;
  float c;
  float d;
};
 
struct CoonBezier {
  void InitFromPoints(float x0,
                      float y0,
                      float x1,
                      float y1,
                      float x2,
                      float y2,
                      float x3,
                      float y3) {
    x.InitFromPoints(x0, x1, x2, x3);
    y.InitFromPoints(y0, y1, y2, y3);
  }
 
  void InitFromBezierInterpolation(const CoonBezier& C1,
                                   const CoonBezier& C2,
                                   const CoonBezier& D1,
                                   const CoonBezier& D2) {
    x.InitFromBezierInterpolation(C1.x, C2.x, D1.x, D2.x);
    y.InitFromBezierInterpolation(C1.y, C2.y, D1.y, D2.y);
  }
 
  CoonBezier first_half() const {
    CoonBezier result;
    result.x = x.first_half();
    result.y = y.first_half();
    return result;
  }
 
  CoonBezier second_half() const {
    CoonBezier result;
    result.x = x.second_half();
    result.y = y.second_half();
    return result;
  }
 
  void GetPoints(pdfium::span<CFX_Path::Point> path_points) const {
    constexpr size_t kPointsCount = 4;
    std::array<float, kPointsCount> points_x;
    std::array<float, kPointsCount> points_y;
    x.GetPoints(points_x);
    y.GetPoints(points_y);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < kPointsCount; ++i)
      path_points[i].m_Point = {points_x[i], points_y[i]};
  }
 
  void GetPointsReverse(pdfium::span<CFX_Path::Point> path_points) const {
    constexpr size_t kPointsCount = 4;
    std::array<float, kPointsCount> points_x;
    std::array<float, kPointsCount> points_y;
    x.GetPoints(points_x);
    y.GetPoints(points_y);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < kPointsCount; ++i) {
      size_t reverse_index = kPointsCount - i - 1;
      path_points[i].m_Point = {points_x[reverse_index],
                                points_y[reverse_index]};
    }
  }
 
  float Distance() const { return x.Distance() + y.Distance(); }
 
  CoonBezierCoeff x;
  CoonBezierCoeff y;
};
 
int Interpolate(int p1, int p2, int delta1, int delta2, bool* overflow) {
  FX_SAFE_INT32 p = p2;
  p -= p1;
  p *= delta1;
  p /= delta2;
  p += p1;
  if (!p.IsValid())
    *overflow = true;
  return p.ValueOrDefault(0);
}
 
int BiInterpolImpl(int c0,
                   int c1,
                   int c2,
                   int c3,
                   int x,
                   int y,
                   int x_scale,
                   int y_scale,
                   bool* overflow) {
  int x1 = Interpolate(c0, c3, x, x_scale, overflow);
  int x2 = Interpolate(c1, c2, x, x_scale, overflow);
  return Interpolate(x1, x2, y, y_scale, overflow);
}
 
struct CoonColor {
  CoonColor() = default;
 
  // Returns true if successful, false if overflow detected.
  bool BiInterpol(pdfium::span<CoonColor, 4> colors,
                  int x,
                  int y,
                  int x_scale,
                  int y_scale) {
    bool overflow = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      comp[i] = BiInterpolImpl(colors[0].comp[i], colors[1].comp[i],
                               colors[2].comp[i], colors[3].comp[i], x, y,
                               x_scale, y_scale, &overflow);
    }
    return !overflow;
  }
 
  int Distance(const CoonColor& o) const {
    return std::max({abs(comp[0] - o.comp[0]), abs(comp[1] - o.comp[1]),
                     abs(comp[2] - o.comp[2])});
  }
 
  std::array<int, 3> comp = {};
};
 
struct PatchDrawer {
  static constexpr int kCoonColorThreshold = 4;
 
  void Draw(int x_scale,
            int y_scale,
            int left,
            int bottom,
            CoonBezier C1,
            CoonBezier C2,
            CoonBezier D1,
            CoonBezier D2) {
    bool bSmall = C1.Distance() < 2 && C2.Distance() < 2 && D1.Distance() < 2 &&
                  D2.Distance() < 2;
    CoonColor div_colors[4];
    int d_bottom = 0;
    int d_left = 0;
    int d_top = 0;
    int d_right = 0;
    if (!div_colors[0].BiInterpol(patch_colors, left, bottom, x_scale,
                                  y_scale)) {
      return;
    }
    if (!bSmall) {
      if (!div_colors[1].BiInterpol(patch_colors, left, bottom + 1, x_scale,
                                    y_scale)) {
        return;
      }
      if (!div_colors[2].BiInterpol(patch_colors, left + 1, bottom + 1, x_scale,
                                    y_scale)) {
        return;
      }
      if (!div_colors[3].BiInterpol(patch_colors, left + 1, bottom, x_scale,
                                    y_scale)) {
        return;
      }
      d_bottom = div_colors[3].Distance(div_colors[0]);
      d_left = div_colors[1].Distance(div_colors[0]);
      d_top = div_colors[1].Distance(div_colors[2]);
      d_right = div_colors[2].Distance(div_colors[3]);
    }
 
    if (bSmall ||
        (d_bottom < kCoonColorThreshold && d_left < kCoonColorThreshold &&
         d_top < kCoonColorThreshold && d_right < kCoonColorThreshold)) {
      pdfium::span<CFX_Path::Point> points = path.GetPoints();
      C1.GetPoints(points.subspan(0, 4));
      D2.GetPoints(points.subspan(3, 4));
      C2.GetPointsReverse(points.subspan(6, 4));
      D1.GetPointsReverse(points.subspan(9, 4));
      CFX_FillRenderOptions fill_options(
          CFX_FillRenderOptions::WindingOptions());
      fill_options.full_cover = true;
      if (bNoPathSmooth) {
        fill_options.aliased_path = true;
      }
      pDevice->DrawPath(
          path, nullptr, nullptr,
          ArgbEncode(alpha, div_colors[0].comp[0], div_colors[0].comp[1],
                     div_colors[0].comp[2]),
          0, fill_options);
    } else {
      if (d_bottom < kCoonColorThreshold && d_top < kCoonColorThreshold) {
        CoonBezier m1;
        m1.InitFromBezierInterpolation(D1, D2, C1, C2);
        y_scale *= 2;
        bottom *= 2;
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left, bottom, C1, m1, D1.first_half(),
             D2.first_half());
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left, bottom + 1, m1, C2, D1.second_half(),
             D2.second_half());
      } else if (d_left < kCoonColorThreshold &&
                 d_right < kCoonColorThreshold) {
        CoonBezier m2;
        m2.InitFromBezierInterpolation(C1, C2, D1, D2);
        x_scale *= 2;
        left *= 2;
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left, bottom, C1.first_half(), C2.first_half(),
             D1, m2);
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left + 1, bottom, C1.second_half(),
             C2.second_half(), m2, D2);
      } else {
        CoonBezier m1;
        CoonBezier m2;
        m1.InitFromBezierInterpolation(D1, D2, C1, C2);
        m2.InitFromBezierInterpolation(C1, C2, D1, D2);
        CoonBezier m1f = m1.first_half();
        CoonBezier m1s = m1.second_half();
        CoonBezier m2f = m2.first_half();
        CoonBezier m2s = m2.second_half();
        x_scale *= 2;
        y_scale *= 2;
        left *= 2;
        bottom *= 2;
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left, bottom, C1.first_half(), m1f,
             D1.first_half(), m2f);
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left, bottom + 1, m1f, C2.first_half(),
             D1.second_half(), m2s);
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left + 1, bottom, C1.second_half(), m1s, m2f,
             D2.first_half());
        Draw(x_scale, y_scale, left + 1, bottom + 1, m1s, C2.second_half(), m2s,
             D2.second_half());
      }
    }
  }
 
  int max_delta;
  CFX_Path path;
  UnownedPtr<CFX_RenderDevice> pDevice;
  bool bNoPathSmooth;
  int alpha;
  std::array<CoonColor, 4> patch_colors;
};
 
void DrawCoonPatchMeshes(
    ShadingType type,
    const RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap>& pBitmap,
    const CFX_Matrix& mtObject2Bitmap,
    RetainPtr<const CPDF_Stream> pShadingStream,
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<CPDF_Function>>& funcs,
    RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace> pCS,
    bool bNoPathSmooth,
    int alpha) {
  DCHECK_EQ(pBitmap->GetFormat(), FXDIB_Format::kBgra);
  DCHECK(type == kCoonsPatchMeshShading ||
         type == kTensorProductPatchMeshShading);
 
  CFX_DefaultRenderDevice device;
  device.Attach(pBitmap);
 
  CPDF_MeshStream stream(type, funcs, std::move(pShadingStream),
                         std::move(pCS));
  if (!stream.Load())
    return;
 
  PatchDrawer patch;
  patch.alpha = alpha;
  patch.pDevice = &device;
  patch.bNoPathSmooth = bNoPathSmooth;
 
  for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++) {
    patch.path.AppendPoint(CFX_PointF(), i == 0
                                             ? CFX_Path::Point::Type::kMove
                                             : CFX_Path::Point::Type::kBezier);
  }
 
  std::array<CFX_PointF, 16> coords;
  int point_count = type == kTensorProductPatchMeshShading ? 16 : 12;
  while (!stream.IsEOF()) {
    if (!stream.CanReadFlag())
      break;
    uint32_t flag = stream.ReadFlag();
    int iStartPoint = 0;
    int iStartColor = 0;
    int i = 0;
    if (flag) {
      iStartPoint = 4;
      iStartColor = 2;
      std::array<CFX_PointF, 4> tempCoords;
      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        tempCoords[i] = coords[(flag * 3 + i) % 12];
      }
      fxcrt::Copy(tempCoords, coords);
      std::array<CoonColor, 2> tempColors = {{
          patch.patch_colors[flag],
          patch.patch_colors[(flag + 1) % 4],
      }};
      fxcrt::Copy(tempColors, patch.patch_colors);
    }
    for (i = iStartPoint; i < point_count; i++) {
      if (!stream.CanReadCoords())
        break;
      coords[i] = mtObject2Bitmap.Transform(stream.ReadCoords());
    }
 
    for (i = iStartColor; i < 4; i++) {
      if (!stream.CanReadColor())
        break;
 
      FX_RGB_STRUCT<float> rgb = stream.ReadColor();
      patch.patch_colors[i].comp[0] = static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.red * 255);
      patch.patch_colors[i].comp[1] = static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.green * 255);
      patch.patch_colors[i].comp[2] = static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.blue * 255);
    }
 
    CFX_FloatRect bbox =
        CFX_FloatRect::GetBBox(pdfium::make_span(coords).first(point_count));
    if (bbox.right <= 0 || bbox.left >= (float)pBitmap->GetWidth() ||
        bbox.top <= 0 || bbox.bottom >= (float)pBitmap->GetHeight()) {
      continue;
    }
    CoonBezier C1;
    CoonBezier C2;
    CoonBezier D1;
    CoonBezier D2;
    C1.InitFromPoints(coords[0].x, coords[0].y, coords[11].x, coords[11].y,
                      coords[10].x, coords[10].y, coords[9].x, coords[9].y);
    C2.InitFromPoints(coords[3].x, coords[3].y, coords[4].x, coords[4].y,
                      coords[5].x, coords[5].y, coords[6].x, coords[6].y);
    D1.InitFromPoints(coords[0].x, coords[0].y, coords[1].x, coords[1].y,
                      coords[2].x, coords[2].y, coords[3].x, coords[3].y);
    D2.InitFromPoints(coords[9].x, coords[9].y, coords[8].x, coords[8].y,
                      coords[7].x, coords[7].y, coords[6].x, coords[6].y);
    patch.Draw(1, 1, 0, 0, C1, C2, D1, D2);
  }
}
 
}  // namespace
 
// static
void CPDF_RenderShading::Draw(CFX_RenderDevice* pDevice,
                              CPDF_RenderContext* pContext,
                              const CPDF_PageObject* pCurObj,
                              const CPDF_ShadingPattern* pPattern,
                              const CFX_Matrix& mtMatrix,
                              const FX_RECT& clip_rect,
                              int alpha,
                              const CPDF_RenderOptions& options) {
  RetainPtr<CPDF_ColorSpace> pColorSpace = pPattern->GetCS();
  if (!pColorSpace)
    return;
 
  FX_ARGB background = 0;
  RetainPtr<const CPDF_Dictionary> pDict =
      pPattern->GetShadingObject()->GetDict();
  if (!pPattern->IsShadingObject() && pDict->KeyExist("Background")) {
    RetainPtr<const CPDF_Array> pBackColor = pDict->GetArrayFor("Background");
    if (pBackColor && pBackColor->size() >= pColorSpace->ComponentCount()) {
      std::vector<float> comps = ReadArrayElementsToVector(
          pBackColor.Get(), pColorSpace->ComponentCount());
 
      auto rgb = pColorSpace->GetRGBOrZerosOnError(comps);
      background = ArgbEncode(255, static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.red * 255),
                              static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.green * 255),
                              static_cast<int32_t>(rgb.blue * 255));
    }
  }
  FX_RECT clip_rect_bbox = clip_rect;
  if (pDict->KeyExist("BBox")) {
    clip_rect_bbox.Intersect(
        mtMatrix.TransformRect(pDict->GetRectFor("BBox")).GetOuterRect());
  }
#if defined(PDF_USE_SKIA)
  if ((pDevice->GetDeviceCaps(FXDC_RENDER_CAPS) & FXRC_SHADING) &&
      pDevice->DrawShading(*pPattern, mtMatrix, clip_rect_bbox, alpha)) {
    return;
  }
#endif  // defined(PDF_USE_SKIA)
  CPDF_DeviceBuffer buffer(pContext, pDevice, clip_rect_bbox, pCurObj, 150);
  RetainPtr<CFX_DIBitmap> pBitmap = buffer.Initialize();
  if (!pBitmap) {
    return;
  }
 
  if (background != 0) {
    pBitmap->Clear(background);
  }
  const CFX_Matrix final_matrix = mtMatrix * buffer.GetMatrix();
  const auto& funcs = pPattern->GetFuncs();
  switch (pPattern->GetShadingType()) {
    case kInvalidShading:
    case kMaxShading:
      return;
    case kFunctionBasedShading:
      DrawFuncShading(pBitmap, final_matrix, pDict.Get(), funcs, pColorSpace,
                      alpha);
      break;
    case kAxialShading:
      DrawAxialShading(pBitmap, final_matrix, pDict.Get(), funcs, pColorSpace,
                       alpha);
      break;
    case kRadialShading:
      DrawRadialShading(pBitmap, final_matrix, pDict.Get(), funcs, pColorSpace,
                        alpha);
      break;
    case kFreeFormGouraudTriangleMeshShading: {
      // The shading object can be a stream or a dictionary. We do not handle
      // the case of dictionary at the moment.
      RetainPtr<const CPDF_Stream> pStream =
          ToStream(pPattern->GetShadingObject());
      if (pStream) {
        DrawFreeGouraudShading(pBitmap, final_matrix, std::move(pStream), funcs,
                               pColorSpace, alpha);
      }
      break;
    }
    case kLatticeFormGouraudTriangleMeshShading: {
      // The shading object can be a stream or a dictionary. We do not handle
      // the case of dictionary at the moment.
      RetainPtr<const CPDF_Stream> pStream =
          ToStream(pPattern->GetShadingObject());
      if (pStream) {
        DrawLatticeGouraudShading(pBitmap, final_matrix, std::move(pStream),
                                  funcs, pColorSpace, alpha);
      }
      break;
    }
    case kCoonsPatchMeshShading:
    case kTensorProductPatchMeshShading: {
      // The shading object can be a stream or a dictionary. We do not handle
      // the case of dictionary at the moment.
      RetainPtr<const CPDF_Stream> pStream =
          ToStream(pPattern->GetShadingObject());
      if (pStream) {
        DrawCoonPatchMeshes(pPattern->GetShadingType(), pBitmap, final_matrix,
                            std::move(pStream), funcs, pColorSpace,
                            options.GetOptions().bNoPathSmooth, alpha);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
 
  if (options.ColorModeIs(CPDF_RenderOptions::kAlpha)) {
    pBitmap->SetRedFromAlpha();
  } else if (options.ColorModeIs(CPDF_RenderOptions::kGray)) {
    pBitmap->ConvertColorScale(0, 0xffffff);
  }
 
  buffer.OutputToDevice();
}