main.cpp

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// Copyright (C) 2019 BogDan Vatra <bogdan@kde.org>
// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
#include <QtCore/QCommandLineParser>
#include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
#include <QtCore/QDeadlineTimer>
#include <QtCore/qdebug.h>
#include <QtCore/QDir>
#include <QtCore/QHash>
#include <QtCore/QLockFile>
#include <QtCore/QProcess>
#include <QtCore/QProcessEnvironment>
#include <QtCore/QRegularExpression>
#include <QtCore/QSet>
#include <QtCore/QStandardPaths>
#include <QtCore/QThread>
#include <QtCore/QXmlStreamReader>
#include <QtCore/QFileInfo>
#include <QtCore/QTemporaryFile>
 
#include "../../../tests/shared/cidetect.h"
 
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
#include <csignal>
#include <QtCore/qxpfunctional.h>
#include <optional>
 
#if defined(Q_OS_WIN32)
#include <process.h>
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
 
using namespace Qt::StringLiterals;
 
 
// QTest-based test processes may exit with up to 127 for normal test failures
static constexpr int HIGHEST_QTEST_EXITCODE = 127;
// Something went wrong in androidtestrunner, in general
static constexpr int EXIT_ERROR = 254;
// More specific exit codes for failures in androidtestrunner:
static constexpr int EXIT_NOEXITCODE = 253; // Failed to transfer exit code from device
static constexpr int EXIT_ANR        = 252; // Android ANR error (Application Not Responding)
static constexpr int EXIT_NORESULTS  = 251; // Failed to transfer result files from device
static constexpr int EXIT_DEVICE_GONE = 250; // Device disconnected mid-test
 
 
struct Options
{
    bool verbose = false;
    bool skipAddInstallRoot = false;
    int timeoutSecs = 600; // 10 minutes
    int resultsPullRetries = 3;
    QString buildPath;
    QString manifestPath;
    QString adbCommand{"adb"_L1};
    QString bundletoolPath;
    QString serial;
    QString makeCommand;
    QString package;
    QString activity;
    QStringList permissions;
    QStringList testArgsList;
    QString stdoutFileName;
    QHash<QString, QString> outFiles;
    QStringList amStarttestArgs;
    QString packagePath;
    QString ndkStackPath;
    QList<QStringList> preTestRunAdbCommands;
    bool showLogcatOutput = false;
    std::optional<QProcess> stdoutLogger;
};
 
static Options g_options;
 
struct TestInfo
{
    int sdkVersion = -1;
    int pid = -1;
    QString userId;
 
    std::atomic<bool> isPackageInstalled { false };
    std::atomic<bool> isTestRunnerInterrupted { false };
    std::atomic<bool> deviceGone { false };
    std::atomic<qint64> stdoutLoggerPid { 0 };
};
 
// sigHandler reads/writes these from arbitrary signal contexts.
static_assert(std::atomic<bool>::is_always_lock_free);
static_assert(std::atomic<qint64>::is_always_lock_free);
 
static TestInfo g_testInfo;
 
// QTest-based processes return 0 if all tests PASSed, or the number of FAILs up to 127.
// Other exitcodes signify abnormal termination and are system-dependent.
static bool isTestExitCodeNormal(const int ec)
{
    return (ec >= 0  &&  ec <= HIGHEST_QTEST_EXITCODE);
}
 
static QByteArray execCommand(const QString &program, const QStringList &args, bool verbose = false,
                              std::chrono::milliseconds timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(-1))
{
    const auto command = program + " "_L1 + args.join(u' ');
 
    if (verbose && g_options.verbose)
        fprintf(stdout,"Execute %s.\n", command.toUtf8().constData());
 
    QProcess process;
    process.start(program, args);
    if (!process.waitForStarted()) {
        qCritical("Cannot execute command %s.", qPrintable(command));
        return QByteArray();
    }
 
    const bool finished = timeout.count() < 0
            ? process.waitForFinished()
            : process.waitForFinished(static_cast<int>(timeout.count()));
    if (!finished) {
        qCritical("Execution of command %s timed out.", qPrintable(command));
        process.kill();
        process.waitForFinished();
        // Beyond the kill's own "killed by signal", stderr may hint at the hang.
        const QByteArray stdErr = process.readAllStandardError();
        if (!stdErr.isEmpty())
            qWarning().noquote() << stdErr.trimmed();
        return QByteArray();
    }
 
    const auto stdOut = process.readAllStandardOutput();
    const auto stdErr = process.readAllStandardError();
 
    if (process.exitCode() != 0) {
        // Surface why a notable (verbose) command failed; quiet polls stay quiet.
        if (verbose && !stdOut.isEmpty())
            qWarning().noquote() << stdOut.trimmed();
        if (!stdErr.isEmpty())
            qWarning().noquote() << stdErr.trimmed();
        return QByteArray();
    }
 
    if (verbose && g_options.verbose)
        fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", stdOut.constData());
 
    // Non-null even when empty so a silent success is distinct from failure.
    return stdOut.isNull() ? QByteArray("") : stdOut;
}
 
static QStringList adbArgsWithSerial(const QStringList &args)
{
    if (g_options.serial.isEmpty())
        return args;
    return QStringList{ "-s"_L1, g_options.serial } + args;
}
 
static QByteArray execAdbCommand(const QStringList &args, bool verbose = true)
{
    return execCommand(g_options.adbCommand, adbArgsWithSerial(args), verbose);
}
 
static QByteArray execBundletoolCommand(const QStringList &args, bool verbose = true)
{
    QString java("java"_L1);
    QStringList argsFull = QStringList() << "-jar"_L1 << g_options.bundletoolPath << args;
    return execCommand(java, argsFull, verbose);
}
 
static bool setPackagePath(const QString &path)
{
    if (!g_options.packagePath.isEmpty()) {
        qCritical("Only one of --apk or --aab may be set, and only once.");
        return false;
    }
    g_options.packagePath = path;
    return true;
}
 
static bool collectPackagePaths(const QStringList &apkValues, const QStringList &aabValues)
{
    if (apkValues.size() > 1) {
        qCritical("--apk specified %lld times; only one APK path is supported.",
                  static_cast<long long>(apkValues.size()));
        return false;
    }
    if (aabValues.size() > 1) {
        qCritical("--aab specified %lld times; only one AAB path is supported.",
                  static_cast<long long>(aabValues.size()));
        return false;
    }
    if (!apkValues.isEmpty() && !setPackagePath(apkValues.first()))
        return false;
    if (!aabValues.isEmpty() && !setPackagePath(aabValues.first()))
        return false;
    return true;
}
 
static QByteArray execCommand(const QString &command, bool verbose = true,
                              std::chrono::milliseconds timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(-1))
{
    auto args = QProcess::splitCommand(command);
    const auto program = args.takeFirst();
    return execCommand(program, args, verbose, timeout);
}
 
// Split argv into our and test options, then re-join as "<ours> -- <test args>".
static QStringList splitOwnAndTestArgs(const QStringList &args,
                                       const QSet<QString> &knownOpts,
                                       const QSet<QString> &valueOpts)
{
    QStringList ownArgs;
    QStringList testArgs;
    ownArgs.reserve(args.size() + 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
        const QString &arg = args.at(i);
        if (i == 0) {
            ownArgs << arg;
            continue;
        }
        if (arg == "--"_L1) {
            // Caller already split things explicitly, so forward the rest as-is.
            for (int j = i + 1; j < args.size(); ++j)
                testArgs << args.at(j);
            break;
        }
        if (arg.startsWith("--"_L1) && arg.size() > 2) {
            QString name = arg.mid(2);
            const qsizetype eqIdx = name.indexOf(u'=');
            if (eqIdx != -1)
                name.truncate(eqIdx);
            if (!knownOpts.contains(name)) {
                qCritical("Unknown option '--%s'. Use '--' to forward test arguments.",
                          qPrintable(name));
                return {};
            }
            ownArgs << arg;
            if (eqIdx == -1 && valueOpts.contains(name)) {
                if (i + 1 >= args.size()) {
                    qCritical("Option --%s requires a value.", qPrintable(name));
                    return {};
                }
                ownArgs << args.at(++i);
            }
            continue;
        }
        // Keep scanning, because CMake appends our flags after the test's flags.
        testArgs << arg;
    }
 
    if (!testArgs.isEmpty()) {
        ownArgs << "--"_L1;
        ownArgs += testArgs;
    }
    return ownArgs;
}
 
static QString ndkStackPath()
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    const QStringList candidates = { "ndk-stack.cmd"_L1, "ndk-stack.bat"_L1, "ndk-stack"_L1 };
#else
    const QStringList candidates = { "ndk-stack"_L1 };
#endif
    for (const char *var : { "ANDROID_NDK_ROOT", "ANDROID_NDK_HOME" }) {
        const QString ndkPath = qEnvironmentVariable(var);
        if (ndkPath.isEmpty())
            continue;
        for (const QString &name : candidates) {
            const QString path = ndkPath + QDir::separator() + name;
            if (QFile::exists(path))
                return path;
        }
    }
    return {};
}
 
static bool parseOptions()
{
    QCommandLineParser parser;
    parser.setApplicationDescription(
        "Runs a Qt for Android test on an emulator or a device. Specify a "
        "device via --serial, ANDROID_SERIAL or ANDROID_DEVICE_SERIAL.\n"
        "\n"
        "Exit codes:\n"
        "  0-127  QTest exit code (number of failed test functions)\n"
        "  250    EXIT_DEVICE_GONE   device disconnected\n"
        "  251    EXIT_NORESULTS     result files could not be pulled\n"
        "  252    EXIT_ANR           Android Not Responding\n"
        "  253    EXIT_NOEXITCODE    exit code could not be read from device\n"
        "  254    EXIT_ERROR         generic runner failure"_L1);
 
    QCommandLineOption pathOpt(
        "path"_L1, "Path where the Android Gradle package is built."_L1, "path"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption makeOpt(
        "make"_L1, "make command to build the APK."_L1, "command"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption apkOpt(
        "apk"_L1, "Test APK path. Built via --make if absent."_L1, "path"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption aabOpt(
        "aab"_L1, "Test AAB path. Built via --make if absent."_L1, "path"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption bundletoolOpt(
        "bundletool"_L1, "Path to Android bundletool jar."_L1, "path"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption manifestOpt(
        "manifest"_L1, "Custom AndroidManifest.xml path."_L1, "path"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption adbOpt(
        "adb"_L1, "Path to adb. Falls back to $PATH."_L1, "command"_L1, "adb"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption serialOpt(
        "serial"_L1,
        "Android device serial. Overrides ANDROID_SERIAL / ANDROID_DEVICE_SERIAL."_L1,
        "serial"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption activityOpt(
        "activity"_L1, "Activity to run. Defaults to the first in the manifest."_L1, "name"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption timeoutOpt(
        "timeout"_L1, "Test timeout in seconds (default 600)."_L1, "seconds"_L1, "600"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption preTestAdbOpt("pre-test-adb-command"_L1,
        "adb command to run after install, before test."_L1, "command"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption skipInstallRootOpt(
        "skip-install-root"_L1,
        "Don't append INSTALL_ROOT=... to --make. Only honored for make-family "
        "tools (make, gmake, nmake, mingw32-make, jom)."_L1);
    QCommandLineOption ndkStackOpt(
        "ndk-stack"_L1, "Path to ndk-stack (default: ndk-stack under $ANDROID_NDK_ROOT "
        "or $ANDROID_NDK_HOME)."_L1, "path"_L1);
    QCommandLineOption showLogcatOpt(
        "show-logcat"_L1, "Print logcat output (+ system_server on ANR)."_L1);
    QCommandLineOption verboseOpt(
        "verbose"_L1, "Print extra information."_L1);
    QCommandLineOption helpOpt("help"_L1, "Show this help message."_L1);
 
    const QList<QCommandLineOption> ourOptions = {
        pathOpt, makeOpt, apkOpt, aabOpt,
        bundletoolOpt, manifestOpt,
        adbOpt, serialOpt,
        activityOpt, timeoutOpt, preTestAdbOpt,
        skipInstallRootOpt,
        ndkStackOpt, showLogcatOpt, verboseOpt,
        helpOpt,
    };
    parser.addOptions(ourOptions);
    parser.addPositionalArgument("testargs"_L1, "Arguments forwarded to the test."_L1,
                                 "[-- TESTARGS]"_L1);
 
    QSet<QString> knownOpts;
    QSet<QString> valueOpts;
    for (const QCommandLineOption &opt : ourOptions) {
        const bool takesValue = !opt.valueName().isEmpty();
        for (const QString &name : opt.names()) {
            knownOpts.insert(name);
            if (takesValue)
                valueOpts.insert(name);
        }
    }
 
    const QStringList processedArgs =
        splitOwnAndTestArgs(QCoreApplication::arguments(), knownOpts, valueOpts);
    if (processedArgs.isEmpty())
        return false;
    if (!parser.parse(processedArgs)) {
        qCritical("%s", qPrintable(parser.errorText()));
        return false;
    }
    if (parser.isSet(helpOpt))
        parser.showHelp(0);
 
    g_options.buildPath = parser.value(pathOpt);
    g_options.makeCommand = parser.value(makeOpt);
    if (!collectPackagePaths(parser.values(apkOpt), parser.values(aabOpt)))
        return false;
    g_options.adbCommand = parser.value(adbOpt);
    g_options.activity = parser.value(activityOpt);
    g_options.serial = parser.value(serialOpt);
    bool timeoutOk = false;
    g_options.timeoutSecs = parser.value(timeoutOpt).toInt(&timeoutOk);
    if (!timeoutOk || g_options.timeoutSecs <= 0) {
        qCritical("--timeout must be a positive integer (got '%s').",
                  qPrintable(parser.value(timeoutOpt)));
        return false;
    }
    g_options.skipAddInstallRoot = parser.isSet(skipInstallRootOpt);
    g_options.showLogcatOutput = parser.isSet(showLogcatOpt);
    g_options.ndkStackPath = parser.value(ndkStackOpt);
    g_options.verbose = parser.isSet(verboseOpt);
    g_options.manifestPath = parser.value(manifestOpt);
    g_options.bundletoolPath = parser.value(bundletoolOpt);
 
    for (const QString &cmd : parser.values(preTestAdbOpt))
        g_options.preTestRunAdbCommands += QProcess::splitCommand(cmd);
    g_options.testArgsList = parser.positionalArguments();
 
    static const QStringList makeNames = {
        "make"_L1, "gmake"_L1, "nmake"_L1, "mingw32-make"_L1, "jom"_L1,
    };
    const QStringList makeParts = QProcess::splitCommand(g_options.makeCommand);
    const QString makeBaseName = QFileInfo(makeParts.value(0)).baseName();
    const bool makeIsGnuMakeFamily = makeNames.contains(makeBaseName, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
    if (!g_options.skipAddInstallRoot && makeIsGnuMakeFamily) {
        g_options.makeCommand = "%1 INSTALL_ROOT=%2 install"_L1
            .arg(g_options.makeCommand, QDir::toNativeSeparators(g_options.buildPath));
    }
 
    if (g_options.buildPath.isEmpty() || g_options.packagePath.isEmpty()) {
        qCritical("--path and --apk (or --aab) are required.");
        fputs(qPrintable(parser.helpText()), stderr);
        return false;
    }
 
    if (!g_options.packagePath.endsWith(".apk"_L1)
        && !g_options.packagePath.endsWith(".aab"_L1)) {
        qCritical("Package path '%s' must end with .apk or .aab.",
                  qPrintable(g_options.packagePath));
        return false;
    }
 
    if (g_options.packagePath.endsWith(".aab"_L1)) {
        if (g_options.bundletoolPath.isEmpty()) {
            qCritical("--aab requires --bundletool to locate the bundletool jar.");
            return false;
        }
        if (!QFile::exists(g_options.bundletoolPath)) {
            qCritical("--bundletool path '%s' does not exist.",
                      qPrintable(g_options.bundletoolPath));
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    if (g_options.serial.isEmpty())
        g_options.serial = qEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_SERIAL");
    if (g_options.serial.isEmpty())
        g_options.serial = qEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_DEVICE_SERIAL");
 
    if (g_options.ndkStackPath.isEmpty())
        g_options.ndkStackPath = ndkStackPath();
 
    return true;
}
 
static QString gradleInitScriptPath()
{
    static QString path;
    if (!path.isEmpty())
        return path;
 
    QTemporaryFile initScript;
    initScript.setAutoRemove(false);
    if (!initScript.open())
        return {};
 
    initScript.write(
        "gradle.projectsEvaluated {\n"
        "    def prop = gradle.rootProject.findProperty(\"property\")\n"
        "    def target = gradle.rootProject.findProject(':app') ?: gradle.rootProject\n"
        "    for (part in prop.tokenize('.')) {\n"
        "        target = target.\"${part}\"\n"
        "    }\n"
        "    println target\n"
        "}\n"
        "rootProject { tasks.register(\"printProjectProperty\") }\n");
    initScript.close();
 
    path = initScript.fileName();
    qAddPostRoutine([] { QFile::remove(path); });
    return path;
}
 
// Query a Gradle project's property using dot-separated path notation e.g. "android.namespace".
static QString getGradleProjectProperty(const QString &androidBuildDir, const QString &property)
{
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    QString gradlew = androidBuildDir + "/gradlew.bat"_L1;
#else
    QString gradlew = androidBuildDir + "/gradlew"_L1;
#endif
    if (!QFile::exists(gradlew))
        return {};
 
    const QString scriptPath = gradleInitScriptPath();
    if (scriptPath.isEmpty())
        return {};
 
    QProcess process;
    process.setWorkingDirectory(androidBuildDir);
    process.start(gradlew, { "-q"_L1, "--init-script"_L1, scriptPath,
                             "-Pproperty="_L1 + property, "printProjectProperty"_L1 });
 
    if (!process.waitForFinished()) {
        qWarning("gradlew '%s' timed out.", qPrintable(property));
        process.kill();
        process.waitForFinished();
        return {};
    }
    if (process.exitCode() != 0) {
        qWarning("gradlew '%s' exited with %d:\n%s", qPrintable(property),
                 process.exitCode(), process.readAllStandardError().constData());
        return {};
    }
    return QString::fromUtf8(process.readAllStandardOutput()).trimmed();
}
 
static bool processAndroidManifest()
{
    if (!g_options.manifestPath.isEmpty()) {
        if (!QFile::exists(g_options.manifestPath)) {
            qCritical("--manifest path '%s' does not exist.",
                      qPrintable(g_options.manifestPath));
            return false;
        }
    } else {
        const QStringList candidates = {
            g_options.buildPath + "/AndroidManifest.xml"_L1,
            g_options.buildPath + "/app/AndroidManifest.xml"_L1
        };
        for (const QString &candidate : candidates) {
            if (QFile::exists(candidate)) {
                g_options.manifestPath = candidate;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    if (g_options.manifestPath.isEmpty()) {
        qCritical("Unable to find AndroidManifest.xml at '%s'.", qPrintable(g_options.buildPath));
        return false;
    }
    QFile androidManifestXml(g_options.manifestPath);
    if (!androidManifestXml.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
        qCritical("Unable to read android manifest '%s'", qPrintable(g_options.manifestPath));
        return false;
    }
 
    QXmlStreamReader reader(&androidManifestXml);
    while (!reader.atEnd()) {
        reader.readNext();
        if (!reader.isStartElement())
            continue;
 
        if (reader.name() == "activity"_L1 && g_options.activity.isEmpty())
            g_options.activity = reader.attributes().value("android:name"_L1).toString();
        else if (reader.name() == "uses-permission"_L1)
            g_options.permissions.append(reader.attributes().value("android:name"_L1).toString());
    }
    return true;
}
 
static QStringList queryDangerousPermissions()
{
    const QStringList args({ "shell"_L1, "dumpsys"_L1, "package"_L1, "permissions"_L1 });
    const QByteArray output = execAdbCommand(args, false);
    if (output.isNull()) {
        qWarning("Failed to query permissions via dumpsys");
        return {};
    }
 
    /*
     * Permissions section from this command look like:
     *
     * Permission [android.permission.INTERNET] (c8cafdc):
     *     sourcePackage=android
     *     uid=1000 gids=[3003] type=0 prot=normal|instant
     *     perm=PermissionInfo{5f5bfbb android.permission.INTERNET}
     *     flags=0x0
     */
    const static QRegularExpression regex("^\\s*Permission\\s+\\‍[([^\\‍]]+)\\‍]\\s+\\‍([^)]+\\‍):"_L1);
    QStringList dangerousPermissions;
    QString currentPerm;
 
    const QStringList lines = QString::fromUtf8(output).split(u'\n');
    for (const QString &line : lines) {
        QRegularExpressionMatch match = regex.match(line);
        if (match.hasMatch()) {
            currentPerm = match.captured(1);
            continue;
        }
 
        if (currentPerm.isEmpty())
            continue;
 
        int protIndex = line.indexOf("prot="_L1);
        if (protIndex == -1)
            continue;
 
        QString protectionTypes = line.mid(protIndex + 5).trimmed();
        if (protectionTypes.contains("dangerous"_L1, Qt::CaseInsensitive))
            dangerousPermissions.append(currentPerm);
        currentPerm.clear();
    }
 
    return dangerousPermissions;
}
 
static QString deviceOutputFileName(const QString &format, const QString &hostPath)
{
    return hostPath.isEmpty() ? "stdout.%1"_L1.arg(format) : QFileInfo(hostPath).fileName();
}
 
static void setOutputFile(QString file, QString format)
{
    if (format.isEmpty())
        format = "txt"_L1;
    if (file == u'-')
        file.clear();
 
    if (file.isEmpty()) {
        if (!g_options.outFiles.contains(format))
            g_options.outFiles.insert(format, QString());
        g_options.stdoutFileName = deviceOutputFileName(format, g_options.outFiles.value(format));
    } else {
        g_options.outFiles[format] = file;
    }
}
 
static bool parseTestArgs()
{
    QRegularExpression oldFormats{"^-(txt|csv|xunitxml|junitxml|xml|lightxml|teamcity|tap)$"_L1};
    QRegularExpression newLoggingFormat{"^(.*),(txt|csv|xunitxml|junitxml|xml|lightxml|teamcity|tap)$"_L1};
 
    QString file;
    QString logType;
    QStringList unhandledArgs;
    for (int i = 0; i < g_options.testArgsList.size(); ++i) {
        const QString &arg = g_options.testArgsList[i].trimmed();
        if (arg == "--"_L1)
            continue;
        if (arg == "-o"_L1 || arg == "--output"_L1) {
            if (i >= g_options.testArgsList.size() - 1)
                return false; // missing file argument
 
            const auto &filePath = g_options.testArgsList[++i];
            const auto match = newLoggingFormat.match(filePath);
            if (!match.hasMatch()) {
                file = filePath;
            } else {
                const auto capturedTexts = match.capturedTexts();
                setOutputFile(capturedTexts.at(1), capturedTexts.at(2));
            }
        } else {
            auto match = oldFormats.match(arg);
            if (match.hasMatch()) {
                logType = match.capturedTexts().at(1);
            } else {
                // Use triple literal quotes so that QProcess::splitCommand() in androidjnimain.cpp
                // keeps quotes characters inside the string.
                QString quotedArg = QString(arg).replace("\""_L1, "\\\"\\\"\\\""_L1);
                // Add escaped double quote character so that args with spaces are treated as one.
                unhandledArgs << " \\\"%1\\\""_L1.arg(quotedArg);
            }
        }
    }
    if (g_options.outFiles.isEmpty() || !file.isEmpty() || !logType.isEmpty())
        setOutputFile(file, logType);
 
    QString testAppArgs;
    for (auto it = g_options.outFiles.constBegin(); it != g_options.outFiles.constEnd(); ++it)
        testAppArgs += "-o %1,%2 "_L1.arg(deviceOutputFileName(it.key(), it.value()), it.key());
 
    testAppArgs += unhandledArgs.join(u' ').trimmed();
    testAppArgs = "\"%1\""_L1.arg(testAppArgs.trimmed());
    const QString activityName = "%1/%2"_L1.arg(g_options.package).arg(g_options.activity);
 
    // Pass over any qt or testlib env vars if set
    QStringList testEnvVarArgs;
    const QStringList envVarsList = QProcessEnvironment::systemEnvironment().toStringList();
    for (const QString &var : envVarsList) {
        if (!var.startsWith("QTEST_"_L1) && !var.startsWith("QT_"_L1))
            continue;
        const qsizetype index = var.indexOf(u'=');
        if (index < 0)
            continue;
        const QString key = var.left(index);
        QString escapedValue = var.mid(index + 1);
        escapedValue.replace("'"_L1, "'\\''"_L1);
        const QString value = "'%1'"_L1.arg(escapedValue);
        testEnvVarArgs << "-e"_L1 << ("extraenvvars_"_L1 + key) << value;
    }
 
    g_options.amStarttestArgs = { "shell"_L1, "am"_L1, "start"_L1, "-W"_L1,
                                  "-n"_L1, activityName,
                                  "-e"_L1, "applicationArguments"_L1, testAppArgs };
    g_options.amStarttestArgs.append(testEnvVarArgs);
 
    return true;
}
 
static int getPid(const QString &package)
{
    const QByteArray output = execAdbCommand({ "shell"_L1, "pidof"_L1, "-s"_L1, package }, false);
    if (output.isNull())
        return -1;
 
    bool ok = false;
    // Android 9's toybox ignores -s and lists every match; a fork()ing test has two.
    const int pid = output.simplified().split(' ').constFirst().toInt(&ok);
    return ok && pid > 0 ? pid : -1;
}
 
static QString runCommandAsUserArgs(const QString &cmd)
{
    return "run-as %1 --user %2 %3"_L1.arg(g_options.package, g_testInfo.userId, cmd);
}
 
// Returns nullopt when `adb devices` itself failed, so callers don't confuse
// a transient daemon hiccup with "device disconnected".
static std::optional<QStringList> runningDevices()
{
    const QByteArray output = execAdbCommand({ "devices"_L1 }, false);
    if (output.isNull())
        return std::nullopt;
 
    QStringList devices;
    for (const QByteArray &line : output.split(u'\n')) {
        if (line.contains("\tdevice"_L1))
            devices.append(QString::fromUtf8(line.split(u'\t').first()));
    }
 
    return devices;
}
 
static bool deviceDisconnected()
{
    const auto devices = runningDevices();
    return devices && !devices->contains(g_options.serial);
}
 
static bool isRunning() {
    if (g_testInfo.deviceGone.load())
        return false;
 
    if (getPid(g_options.package) > 0)
        return true;
 
    // No pid means the test exited, but adb failing looks the same; check the
    // device list to tell them apart and flag a disconnect when warranted.
    if (!g_options.serial.isEmpty() && deviceDisconnected())
        g_testInfo.deviceGone.store(true);
 
    return false;
}
 
static bool pollUntil(qxp::function_ref<bool() const> predicate,
                      QDeadlineTimer deadline,
                      std::chrono::nanoseconds interval)
{
    do {
        if (predicate())
            return true;
        QThread::sleep(interval);
    } while (!deadline.hasExpired() && !g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load());
    if (g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load())
        return false;
    // Predicate may have flipped during the final sleep; check once more.
    return predicate();
}
 
static void waitForStarted()
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    // Grab the pid for logcat filtering if pidof catches it, but don't block
    // on a short-lived process that waitForFinished tracks by presence anyway
    pollUntil([]() {
        const int pid = getPid(g_options.package);
        if (pid > 0)
            g_testInfo.pid = pid;
        return pid > 0 || !isRunning();
    }, QDeadlineTimer(10s), 100ms);
}
 
static bool waitForLoggingStarted()
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    if (g_options.stdoutFileName.isEmpty())
        return false;
    const QString existsCmd = "head -c 0 files/%1 2>/dev/null"_L1.arg(g_options.stdoutFileName);
    const QStringList adbExistsCmd = { "shell"_L1, runCommandAsUserArgs(existsCmd) };
    auto fileExists = [&]() { return !execAdbCommand(adbExistsCmd, false).isNull(); };
    // Wait for the output file, but stop early if the test exits first
    pollUntil([&]() { return fileExists() || !isRunning(); }, QDeadlineTimer(5s), 25ms);
    return fileExists();
}
 
static bool setupStdoutLogger()
{
    // Empty stdoutFileName means file-only output; nothing to stream live.
    if (g_options.stdoutFileName.isEmpty())
        return true;
 
    const QString tailPipeCmd = "tail -n +1 -f 'files/%1'"_L1.arg(g_options.stdoutFileName);
    const QStringList adbTailCmd = { "shell"_L1, runCommandAsUserArgs(tailPipeCmd) };
 
    g_options.stdoutLogger.emplace();
    g_options.stdoutLogger->setProcessChannelMode(QProcess::ForwardedOutputChannel);
    g_options.stdoutLogger->start(g_options.adbCommand, adbArgsWithSerial(adbTailCmd));
    g_testInfo.stdoutLoggerPid.store(g_options.stdoutLogger->processId());
 
    if (!g_options.stdoutLogger->waitForStarted()) {
        g_testInfo.stdoutLoggerPid.store(0);
        qCritical() << "Error: failed to run adb command to fetch stdout test results.";
        g_options.stdoutLogger = std::nullopt;
        return false;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
static bool stopStdoutLogger()
{
    if (!g_options.stdoutLogger.has_value())
        return true;
 
    if (g_options.stdoutLogger->state() == QProcess::NotRunning) {
        // sigHandler already SIGTERM'd the logger; that's expected.
        if (g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load())
            return true;
        qCritical() << "The stdout logger process was terminated unexpectedly, "
                       "It might have been terminated by an external process";
        return false;
    }
 
    g_options.stdoutLogger->terminate();
    g_testInfo.stdoutLoggerPid.store(0);
 
    if (!g_options.stdoutLogger->waitForFinished(5000)) {
        g_options.stdoutLogger->kill();
        g_options.stdoutLogger->waitForFinished();
        qCritical() << "Error: adb test results tail command timed out.";
        return false;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
static void waitForFinished()
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    const bool finished = pollUntil([]() { return !isRunning(); },
        QDeadlineTimer(g_options.timeoutSecs * 1s), 100ms);
    if (!finished && !g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load())
        qWarning() << "Timed out while waiting for the test to finish";
}
 
static void obtainSdkVersion()
{
    // Best-effort: SDK version gates userId() for multi-user, legacyDate formatting,
    // and ApplicationExitInfo queries. Falling back to defaults is safe.
    const QStringList versionArgs = { "shell"_L1, "getprop"_L1, "ro.build.version.sdk"_L1 };
    const QByteArray output = execAdbCommand(versionArgs, false);
    if (output.isNull()) {
        qWarning() << "Unable to query the SDK version: adb getprop ro.build.version.sdk failed.";
        return;
    }
    bool ok = false;
    int sdkVersion = output.toInt(&ok);
    if (ok)
        g_testInfo.sdkVersion = sdkVersion;
    else
        qWarning("Unable to parse SDK version from adb getprop output: '%s'.", output.constData());
}
 
static QString userId()
{
    // adb get-current-user command is available starting from API level 26.
    QByteArray userId;
    if (g_testInfo.sdkVersion >= 26) {
        const QStringList userIdArgs = {"shell"_L1, "cmd"_L1, "activity"_L1, "get-current-user"_L1};
        userId = execAdbCommand(userIdArgs, false);
        if (userId.isNull())
            qCritical() << "Error: failed to retrieve the user ID";
    }
 
    if (userId.isEmpty())
        userId = "0";
 
    return QString::fromUtf8(userId.simplified());
}
 
static QByteArray adbReadAppFile(const QString &fileName, int retries,
                                 std::chrono::milliseconds backoff)
{
    const QString catCmd = "cat files/%1 2> /dev/null"_L1.arg(fileName);
    const QStringList args = { "shell"_L1, runCommandAsUserArgs(catCmd) };
    while (retries > 0) {
        const QByteArray output = execAdbCommand(args, false);
        if (!output.isEmpty())
            return output;
        if (--retries)
            QThread::msleep(backoff.count());
    }
    return QByteArray();
}
 
static bool pullResults()
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    for (auto it = g_options.outFiles.constBegin(); it != g_options.outFiles.constEnd(); ++it) {
        const QString filePath = it.value();
        if (filePath.isEmpty())
            continue;  // stdout-streamed format so nothing to pull
        const QString fileName = QFileInfo(filePath).fileName();
 
        const QByteArray output = adbReadAppFile(fileName, g_options.resultsPullRetries, 200ms);
        if (output.isNull()) {
            if (deviceDisconnected())
                g_testInfo.deviceGone.store(true);
            qCritical() << "Error: failed to retrieve test result file %1 (missing or empty)."_L1
                            .arg(fileName);
            return false;
        }
 
        QFile out{filePath};
        if (!out.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
            qCritical() << "Error: failed to open %1 to write results to host."_L1.arg(filePath);
            return false;
        }
        if (out.write(output) != output.size()) {
            qCritical() << "Error: short write of results to %1: %2"_L1
                            .arg(filePath).arg(out.errorString());
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
static QString getAbiLibsPath()
{
    QString libsPath = "%1/libs/"_L1.arg(g_options.buildPath);
    if (!QDir(libsPath).exists())
        libsPath = "%1/app/libs/"_L1.arg(g_options.buildPath);
    const QStringList abiArgs = { "shell"_L1, "getprop"_L1, "ro.product.cpu.abi"_L1 };
    QByteArray abi = execAdbCommand(abiArgs, false).trimmed();
    if (abi.isEmpty()) {
        const QStringList subDirs = QDir(libsPath).entryList(QDir::Dirs | QDir::NoDotAndDotDot);
        if (!subDirs.isEmpty())
            abi = subDirs.first().toUtf8();
    }
 
    if (abi.isEmpty())
        return {};
 
    return libsPath + QString::fromUtf8(abi);
}
 
static void printLogcatCrash(const QByteArray &logcat)
{
    // No crash report, do nothing
    if (logcat.isEmpty())
        return;
 
    QByteArray crashLogcat(logcat);
    if (g_options.ndkStackPath.isEmpty()) {
        qWarning() << "Warning: ndk-stack path not provided and couldn't be deduced "
                      "using the ANDROID_NDK_ROOT or ANDROID_NDK_HOME environment "
                      "variables.";
    } else if (const QString libsPath = getAbiLibsPath(); libsPath.isEmpty()) {
        qWarning() << "Warning: could not determine the device ABI, "
                      "skipping ndk-stack and printing the raw dump.";
    } else {
        QProcess ndkStackProc;
        ndkStackProc.start(g_options.ndkStackPath, { "-sym"_L1, libsPath });
 
        if (ndkStackProc.waitForStarted()) {
            ndkStackProc.write(crashLogcat);
            ndkStackProc.closeWriteChannel();
 
            // Drain ndk-stack to completion so its output isn't truncated.
            if (ndkStackProc.waitForFinished()) {
                // Keep the raw dump if ndk-stack produced no output.
                const QByteArray ndkOutput = ndkStackProc.readAllStandardOutput();
                if (!ndkOutput.trimmed().isEmpty())
                    crashLogcat = ndkOutput;
            } else {
                qCritical() << "Error: ndk-stack command timed out.";
                ndkStackProc.kill();
                ndkStackProc.waitForFinished();
            }
        } else {
            qCritical() << "Error: failed to run ndk-stack command.";
        }
    }
 
    if (crashLogcat.startsWith("********** Crash dump")) {
        qDebug().noquote() << crashLogcat.trimmed();
    } else {
        qDebug() << "[androidtestrunner] ********** BEGIN crash dump **********";
        qDebug().noquote() << crashLogcat.trimmed();
        qDebug() << "[androidtestrunner] ********** END crash dump **********";
    }
}
 
// Shortened from debuggerd's full banner so emulator/oem builds that wrap
// or truncate the line still slice cleanly.
static constexpr auto crashBannerMarker = "*** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***";
 
static QByteArray fetchLogcat(const QString &timeStamp, bool waitForDiagnostics)
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    // Read all three default buffers explicitly: crashes land in crash,
    // ANR notices in system, and the test's QtTestLib/Qt output in main.
    QStringList logcatArgs = { "shell"_L1, "logcat"_L1,
                               "-b"_L1, "main,system,crash"_L1,
                               "-v"_L1, "brief"_L1 };
    // Without a timestamp the time arg is useless; cap by line count instead.
    if (!timeStamp.isEmpty())
        logcatArgs << "-t"_L1 << "'%1'"_L1.arg(timeStamp);
    else
        logcatArgs << "-t"_L1 << "5000"_L1;
    const bool useColor = !QTestCiDetect::ciInTestEnvironment();
    if (useColor)
        logcatArgs << "-v"_L1 << "color"_L1;
 
    QByteArray logcat = execAdbCommand(logcatArgs, false);
    if (logcat.isNull())
        qWarning() << "Warning: failed to fetch logcat of the test";
 
    if (!waitForDiagnostics)
        return logcat;
 
    const QByteArray anrMarker = "ANR in " + g_options.package.toUtf8();
    if (logcat.contains(crashBannerMarker) || logcat.contains(anrMarker))
        return logcat;
 
    // Debuggerd banner and ANR notice land seconds after death; poll for them.
    QByteArray polled;
    constexpr auto timeout = 15s;
    const bool found = pollUntil([&]() {
        polled = execAdbCommand(logcatArgs, false);
        return !polled.isNull()
            && (polled.contains(crashBannerMarker) || polled.contains(anrMarker));
    }, QDeadlineTimer(timeout), 250ms);
    if (!polled.isEmpty())
        logcat = std::move(polled);
    if (!found && !g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load()) {
        qWarning().noquote() << QString::fromLatin1("[androidtestrunner] No crash banner or "
            "ANR marker found in logcat within %1s; output below may be incomplete.")
            .arg(timeout.count());
    }
    return logcat;
}
 
static QByteArray takeCrashDump(QByteArray *logcat)
{
    const qsizetype idx = logcat->indexOf(crashBannerMarker);
    if (idx == -1)
        return {};
    QByteArray dump = logcat->mid(idx);
    *logcat = logcat->left(idx);
    return dump;
}
 
static QByteArray filterTestLogcat(const QByteArray &logcat, int testPid, int systemServerPid)
{
    // No pid to anchor on: return the logcat unfiltered.
    if (testPid <= 0)
        return logcat;
 
    static const QRegularExpression logcatRegEx{
        "(?:^\\x1B\\‍[[0-9;]*m)?" // color
        "(\\w)/"                 // message type  1. capture
        ".*?"                    // source (non-greedy so the pid capture group binds first)
        "(\\‍(\\s*\\d*\\‍)):"      // pid           2. capture
        "\\s*"
        ".*"                     // message
        "(?:\\x1B\\‍[[0-9;]*m)?"  // color
        "[\\n\\r]*$"_L1
    };
    QByteArrayList kept;
    for (const QByteArray &line : logcat.split(u'\n')) {
        QRegularExpressionMatch match = logcatRegEx.match(QString::fromUtf8(line));
        if (!match.hasMatch()) {
            // Unparseable line; keep it rather than drop silently.
            kept.append(line);
            continue;
        }
        const QString msgType = match.captured(1);
        const QString pidStr = match.captured(2);
        const int capturedPid = pidStr.mid(1, pidStr.size() - 2).trimmed().toInt();
        const bool isFatal = msgType == u'F';
        const bool isOurTest = capturedPid == testPid;
        const bool isAnrSource = systemServerPid > 0 && capturedPid == systemServerPid;
        if (isOurTest || isFatal || isAnrSource)
            kept.append(line);
    }
    return kept.join('\n');
}
 
static void analyseLogcat(const QString &timeStamp, int *exitCode)
{
    const bool wasAbnormal = !isTestExitCodeNormal(*exitCode)
                          && !g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load();
    QByteArray logcat = fetchLogcat(timeStamp, wasAbnormal);
    if (logcat.isEmpty()) {
        if (g_options.showLogcatOutput)
            qWarning() << "The retrieved logcat is empty";
        return;
    }
 
    const QByteArray crashDump = takeCrashDump(&logcat);
 
    const bool anrOccurred = logcat.contains(
        "ANR in %1"_L1.arg(g_options.package).toUtf8());
    if (anrOccurred) {
        // ANR may fire after a clean exit code. Surface it via the exit code,
        // but preserve other abnormal codes.
        if (isTestExitCodeNormal(*exitCode) || *exitCode == EXIT_NOEXITCODE)
            *exitCode = EXIT_ANR;
        qCritical("[androidtestrunner] An ANR has occurred while running the test '%s';"
                  " consult logcat for additional logs from the system_server process",
                  qPrintable(g_options.package));
    }
 
    const int systemServerPid = anrOccurred ? getPid("system_server"_L1) : -1;
    const QByteArray filtered = filterTestLogcat(logcat, g_testInfo.pid, systemServerPid);
 
    // Print whenever the caller asked (--show-logcat) or the test exited
    // abnormally; the crash buffer is only meaningful on abnormal exit.
    const bool testCrashed = !isTestExitCodeNormal(*exitCode)
                          && !g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load();
    if (g_options.showLogcatOutput || testCrashed) {
        qDebug() << "[androidtestrunner] ********** BEGIN logcat dump **********";
        qDebug().noquote() << filtered.trimmed();
        qDebug() << "[androidtestrunner] ********** END logcat dump **********";
    }
    if (testCrashed && !crashDump.isEmpty())
        printLogcatCrash(crashDump);
}
 
static QString getCurrentTimeString()
{
    const bool legacyDate = g_testInfo.sdkVersion > 0 && g_testInfo.sdkVersion <= 23;
    const QString timeFormat = legacyDate ?
            "%m-%d %H:%M:%S.000"_L1 : "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%3N"_L1;
 
    QStringList dateArgs = { "shell"_L1, "date"_L1, "+'%1'"_L1.arg(timeFormat) };
    const QByteArray output = execAdbCommand(dateArgs, false);
    if (output.isNull()) {
        qWarning() << "[androidtestrunner] ERROR in command: adb shell date";
        return {};
    }
 
    return QString::fromUtf8(output.simplified());
}
 
static int testExitCode()
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    const QByteArray exitCodeOutput =
            adbReadAppFile(u"qtest_last_exit_code"_s, g_options.resultsPullRetries, 200ms);
    if (exitCodeOutput.isNull()) {
        if (deviceDisconnected())
            g_testInfo.deviceGone.store(true);
        qCritical() << "[androidtestrunner] ERROR in command: adb shell cat"
                       " files/qtest_last_exit_code";
        return EXIT_NOEXITCODE;
    }
    qDebug() << "[androidtestrunner] Test exitcode: " << exitCodeOutput;
 
    bool ok;
    int exitCode = exitCodeOutput.toInt(&ok);
 
    return ok ? exitCode : EXIT_NOEXITCODE;
}
 
static bool uninstallTestPackage()
{
    return !execAdbCommand({ "uninstall"_L1, g_options.package }).isNull();
}
 
 
void sigHandler(int signal)
{
#if !defined(Q_OS_WIN32)
    // Reap the adb-tail subprocess so a second SIGINT doesn't orphan it.
    const qint64 loggerPid = g_testInfo.stdoutLoggerPid.exchange(0);
    if (loggerPid > 0)
        ::kill(static_cast<pid_t>(loggerPid), SIGTERM);
#endif
    std::signal(signal, SIG_DFL);
    if (!g_testInfo.isPackageInstalled.load())
        _exit(EXIT_ERROR);
    g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.store(true);
}
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    std::signal(SIGINT,  sigHandler);
    std::signal(SIGTERM, sigHandler);
 
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
    if (!parseOptions())
        return EXIT_ERROR;
 
    if (g_options.makeCommand.isEmpty()) {
        qCritical() << "It is required to provide a make command with the \"--make\" parameter "
                       "to generate the apk.";
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
 
    if (execCommand(g_options.makeCommand, true, g_options.timeoutSecs * 1s).isNull()) {
        qCritical("The APK build command \"%s\" failed.", qPrintable(g_options.makeCommand));
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
 
    if (!QFile::exists(g_options.packagePath)) {
        qCritical("No package \"%s\" found after running the make command. "
                  "Check the provided path and the make command.",
                  qPrintable(g_options.packagePath));
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
 
    const std::optional<QStringList> devices = runningDevices();
    if (!devices) {
        qCritical("Failed to query connected devices via 'adb devices'.");
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    } else if (devices->isEmpty()) {
        qCritical("No connected devices or running emulators can be found.");
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    } else if (!g_options.serial.isEmpty() && !devices->contains(g_options.serial)) {
        qCritical("No connected device or running emulator with serial '%s' can be found.",
                  qPrintable(g_options.serial));
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    } else if (g_options.serial.isEmpty() && devices->size() == 1) {
        g_options.serial = devices->first();
    } else if (g_options.serial.isEmpty()) {
        qCritical("Multiple devices connected, set ANDROID_SERIAL or ANDROID_DEVICE_SERIAL.");
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
 
    obtainSdkVersion();
 
    g_testInfo.userId = userId();
 
    if (!processAndroidManifest())
        return EXIT_ERROR;
 
    const QString ns = getGradleProjectProperty(g_options.buildPath, "android.namespace"_L1);
    if (!ns.isEmpty())
        g_options.package = ns;
 
    if (g_options.package.isEmpty()) {
        qCritical("Unable to get package name for '%s'", qPrintable(g_options.packagePath));
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
 
    // parseTestArgs depends on g_options.package
    if (!parseTestArgs())
        return EXIT_ERROR;
 
    // Per-user prefix so a shared TempLocation doesn't collide across users.
    const QString user = qEnvironmentVariable("USER",
        qEnvironmentVariable("USERNAME", u"default"_s));
    const QString lockName = u"androidtestrunner-%1-%2.lock"_s.arg(user, g_options.serial);
    const QDir tempDir(QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::TempLocation));
    QLockFile testRunnerLock(tempDir.absoluteFilePath(lockName));
    testRunnerLock.setStaleLockTime(0);
    if (!testRunnerLock.lock()) {
        qCritical("Failed to acquire test runner lock for '%s'.", qPrintable(g_options.serial));
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
 
    if (g_options.packagePath.endsWith(".apk"_L1)) {
        const QStringList installArgs = { "install"_L1, "-r"_L1, g_options.packagePath };
        if (execAdbCommand(installArgs).isNull())
            return EXIT_ERROR;
    } else if (g_options.packagePath.endsWith(".aab"_L1)) {
        QFileInfo aab(g_options.packagePath);
        const auto apksFilePath = aab.absoluteDir().absoluteFilePath(aab.baseName() + ".apks"_L1);
        QStringList installApksArgs = { "install-apks"_L1, "--apks"_L1, apksFilePath };
        if (!g_options.serial.isEmpty())
            installApksArgs << "--device-id"_L1 << g_options.serial;
        if (execBundletoolCommand({ "build-apks"_L1, "--bundle"_L1, g_options.packagePath,
                                    "--output"_L1, apksFilePath, "--local-testing"_L1,
                                    "--overwrite"_L1 }).isNull()
            || execBundletoolCommand(installApksArgs).isNull())
            return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
    g_testInfo.isPackageInstalled.store(true);
 
    const QStringList dangerousPermissions = queryDangerousPermissions();
    for (const auto &permission : g_options.permissions) {
        if (!dangerousPermissions.contains(permission))
            continue;
 
        if (execAdbCommand({ "shell"_L1, "pm"_L1, "grant"_L1, "--user"_L1, g_testInfo.userId,
                             g_options.package, permission }).isNull()) {
            qWarning("Unable to grant '%s' to '%s'. Probably the Android version mismatch.",
                        qPrintable(permission), qPrintable(g_options.package));
        }
    }
 
    // Call additional adb command if set after installation and before starting the test
    for (const auto &command : g_options.preTestRunAdbCommands) {
        if (execAdbCommand(command).isNull()) {
            qCritical("The pre test ADB command \"%s\" failed.",
                      qUtf8Printable(command.join(u' ')));
            return EXIT_ERROR;
        }
    }
 
    // Pre test start
    const QString formattedStartTime = getCurrentTimeString();
 
    // Start the test
    if (execAdbCommand(g_options.amStarttestArgs).isNull()) {
        // am start -W never returns when the app crashes before main; treat the
        // failure as a launch-time crash and surface it from logcat.
        int exitCode = EXIT_NOEXITCODE;
        analyseLogcat(formattedStartTime, &exitCode);
        return exitCode;
    }
 
    waitForStarted();
 
    if (waitForLoggingStarted() && !setupStdoutLogger())
        qWarning("Continuing without live stdout streaming; result files are still pulled.");
 
    waitForFinished();
 
    if (g_testInfo.deviceGone.load()) {
        qCritical("[androidtestrunner] Device '%s' became unreachable during the test, "
                  "result transfer and uninstall skipped.", qPrintable(g_options.serial));
        stopStdoutLogger();
        return EXIT_DEVICE_GONE;
    }
 
    // Post test run
    if (!stopStdoutLogger())
        return EXIT_ERROR;
 
    int exitCode = testExitCode();
 
    if (g_options.showLogcatOutput || !isTestExitCodeNormal(exitCode))
        analyseLogcat(formattedStartTime, &exitCode);
 
    const bool pullRes = pullResults();
    if (g_testInfo.deviceGone.load()) {
        qCritical("[androidtestrunner] Device '%s' became unreachable during cleanup, "
                  "uninstall skipped.", qPrintable(g_options.serial));
        return EXIT_DEVICE_GONE;
    }
    if (!pullRes && isTestExitCodeNormal(exitCode))
        exitCode = EXIT_NORESULTS;
 
    if (!uninstallTestPackage()) {
        qWarning("Failed to uninstall test package '%s'. The test exit code is preserved.",
            qPrintable(g_options.package));
    }
 
    if (g_testInfo.isTestRunnerInterrupted.load()) {
        qCritical() << "The androidtestrunner was interrupted and the test was cleaned up.";
        return EXIT_ERROR;
    }
 
    return exitCode;
}