qvideotexturehelper.cpp

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// Copyright (C) 2021 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only
 
#include "qabstractvideobuffer.h"
 
#include "qvideotexturehelper_p.h"
#include "qvideoframeconverter_p.h"
#include "qvideoframe_p.h"
#include "qvideoframetexturefromsource_p.h"
#include "private/qmultimediautils_p.h"
#include "private/qaudio_alignment_support_p.h"
 
#include <QtCore/qfile.h>
#include <qpainter.h>
#include <qloggingcategory.h>
 
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
Q_STATIC_LOGGING_CATEGORY(qLcVideoTextureHelper, "qt.multimedia.video.texturehelper")
 
namespace QVideoTextureHelper
{
 
bool forceGlTextureExternalOesIsSet() {
    static const bool isSet =
            qEnvironmentVariableIntValue("QT_MULTIMEDIA_FORCE_GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES") != 0;
    return isSet;
}
 
static const TextureDescription descriptions[QVideoFrameFormat::NPixelFormats] = {
    //  Format_Invalid
    { 0, 0,
      [](int, int) { return 0; },
     { TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat},
     { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_ARGB8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_ARGB8888_Premultiplied
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_XRGB8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_BGRA8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::BGRA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_BGRA8888_Premultiplied
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::BGRA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_BGRX8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::BGRA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_ABGR8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_XBGR8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_RGBA8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_RGBX8888
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_AYUV
    { 1, 4,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
     { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_AYUV_Premultiplied
    { 1, 4,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_YUV420P
    { 3, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride * (height + QtMultimediaPrivate::alignUp(height, 2) / 2); },
     { TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::Red_8 },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 2, 2 } }
    },
     // Format_YUV422P
    { 3, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride * height * 2; },
     {TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::Red_8 },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 1 }, { 2, 1 } }
    },
     // Format_YV12
    { 3, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride * (height + QtMultimediaPrivate::alignUp(height, 2) / 2); },
     {TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::Red_8 },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 2, 2 } }
    },
    // Format_UYVY
    { 1, 2,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
     { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 2, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_YUYV
    { 1, 2,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
     { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 2, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_NV12
    { 2, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride * ((height * 3 / 2 + 1) & ~1); },
     { TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::RG_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_NV21
    { 2, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride * ((height * 3 / 2 + 1) & ~1); },
     { TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::RG_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_IMC1
    { 3, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) {
          // IMC1 requires that U and V components are aligned on a multiple of 16 lines
          int h = (height + 15) & ~15;
          h += 2*(((h/2) + 15) & ~15);
          return stride * h;
      },
     {TextureDescription::Red_8,TextureDescription::Red_8,TextureDescription::Red_8 },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 2, 2 } }
    },
    // Format_IMC2
    { 2, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return 2*stride*height; },
     {TextureDescription::Red_8,TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_IMC3
    { 3, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) {
          // IMC3 requires that U and V components are aligned on a multiple of 16 lines
          int h = (height + 15) & ~15;
          h += 2*(((h/2) + 15) & ~15);
          return stride * h;
      },
     {TextureDescription::Red_8,TextureDescription::Red_8,TextureDescription::Red_8 },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 2, 2 } }
    },
    // Format_IMC4
    { 2, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return 2*stride*height; },
     {TextureDescription::Red_8,TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_Y8
    { 1, 1,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
     {TextureDescription::Red_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_Y16
    { 1, 2,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
     { TextureDescription::Red_16, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_P010
    { 2, 2,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride * ((height * 3 / 2 + 1) & ~1); },
     { TextureDescription::Red_16, TextureDescription::RG_16, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_P016
    { 2, 2,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride * ((height * 3 / 2 + 1) & ~1); },
     { TextureDescription::Red_16, TextureDescription::RG_16, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_SamplerExternalOES
    {
        1, 0,
        [](int, int) { return 0; },
        { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_Jpeg
    { 1, 4,
      [](int stride, int height) { return stride*height; },
     { TextureDescription::RGBA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
     { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_SamplerRect
    {
        1, 0,
        [](int, int) { return 0; },
        { TextureDescription::BGRA_8, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat, TextureDescription::UnknownFormat },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 1 } }
    },
    // Format_YUV420P10
    { 3, 2,
        [](int stride, int height) { return stride * (height + QtMultimediaPrivate::alignUp(height, 2) / 2); },
        { TextureDescription::Red_16, TextureDescription::Red_16, TextureDescription::Red_16 },
        { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 2 }, { 2, 2 } }
    },
};
 
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(QList<QRhiTexture::Format>, g_excludedRhiTextureFormats) // for tests only
 
static bool isRhiTextureFormatSupported(const QRhi *rhi, QRhiTexture::Format format)
{
    if (g_excludedRhiTextureFormats->contains(format))
        return false;
    if (!rhi) // consider the format is supported if no rhi specified
        return true;
    return rhi->isTextureFormatSupported(format);
}
 
QRhiTexture::Format TextureDescription::rhiTextureFormat(int plane, QRhi *rhi, FallbackPolicy policy) const
{
    QRhiTexture::Format preferredFormat = QRhiTexture::UnknownFormat;
 
    switch (textureFormat[plane]) {
        case TextureDescription::Red_8:
            preferredFormat = QRhiTexture::R8;
            break;
        case TextureDescription::Red_16:
            preferredFormat = QRhiTexture::R16;
            break;
        case TextureDescription::RG_8:
            preferredFormat = QRhiTexture::RG8;
            break;
        case TextureDescription::RG_16:
            preferredFormat = QRhiTexture::RG16;
            break;
        case TextureDescription::RGBA_8:
            preferredFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA8;
            break;
        case TextureDescription::BGRA_8:
            preferredFormat = QRhiTexture::BGRA8;
            break;
        case TextureDescription::UnknownFormat:
            break;
        default:
            Q_UNREACHABLE();
    }
    if (policy == FallbackPolicy::Disable)
        return preferredFormat;
 
    return resolvedRhiTextureFormat(preferredFormat, rhi);
}
 
QRhiTexture::Format resolvedRhiTextureFormat(QRhiTexture::Format format, QRhi *rhi)
{
    if (isRhiTextureFormatSupported(rhi, format))
        return format;
 
    QRhiTexture::Format fallbackFormat;
    switch (format) {
        case QRhiTexture::R8:
            fallbackFormat = resolvedRhiTextureFormat(QRhiTexture::RED_OR_ALPHA8, rhi);
            break;
        case QRhiTexture::RG8:
        case QRhiTexture::RG16:
            fallbackFormat = resolvedRhiTextureFormat(QRhiTexture::RGBA8, rhi);
            break;
        case QRhiTexture::R16:
            fallbackFormat = resolvedRhiTextureFormat(QRhiTexture::RG8, rhi);
            break;
        case QRhiTexture::BGRA8:
            // WebGL 2 and GLES without EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888 cannot take a BGRA
            // texture. Upload the data as RGBA and let the shader swizzle instead.
            fallbackFormat = resolvedRhiTextureFormat(QRhiTexture::RGBA8, rhi);
            break;
        default:
            // End fallback chain here, and return UnknownFormat
            return QRhiTexture::UnknownFormat;
    }
 
    if (fallbackFormat == QRhiTexture::UnknownFormat) {
        // TODO: QTBUG-135911: In some cases rhi claims format and fallbacks are all
        // unsupported, but when using preferred format video plays fine
        qCDebug(qLcVideoTextureHelper) << "Cannot determine any usable texture format, using preferred format" << format;
        return format;
    }
 
    qCDebug(qLcVideoTextureHelper) << "Using fallback texture format" << fallbackFormat;
    return fallbackFormat;
}
 
void setExcludedRhiTextureFormats(QList<QRhiTexture::Format> formats)
{
    g_excludedRhiTextureFormats->swap(formats);
}
 
const TextureDescription *textureDescription(QVideoFrameFormat::PixelFormat format)
{
    return descriptions + format;
}
 
QString vertexShaderFileName(const QVideoFrameFormat &format)
{
    auto fmt = format.pixelFormat();
    Q_UNUSED(fmt);
 
#if 1//def Q_OS_ANDROID
    if (fmt == QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerExternalOES)
        return QStringLiteral(":/qt-project.org/multimedia/shaders/externalsampler.vert.qsb");
#endif
#if 1//def Q_OS_MACOS
    if (fmt == QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerRect)
        return QStringLiteral(":/qt-project.org/multimedia/shaders/rectsampler.vert.qsb");
#endif
 
    return QStringLiteral(":/qt-project.org/multimedia/shaders/vertex.vert.qsb");
}
 
QString fragmentShaderFileName(const QVideoFrameFormat &format, QRhi *rhi,
                               QRhiSwapChain::Format surfaceFormat)
{
    QString shaderFile;
    switch (format.pixelFormat()) {
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Y8:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("y");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Y16:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("y16");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_AYUV:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_AYUV_Premultiplied:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("ayuv");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_ARGB8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_ARGB8888_Premultiplied:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_XRGB8888:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("argb");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_ABGR8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_XBGR8888:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("abgr");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Jpeg: // Jpeg is decoded transparently into an ARGB texture
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("bgra");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_RGBA8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_RGBX8888:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("rgba");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_BGRA8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_BGRA8888_Premultiplied:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_BGRX8888:
        // A BGRA texture has the channels reordered by the driver already. Where the
        // format is unsupported and the data went into an RGBA texture instead, the
        // shader has to do the reordering.
        shaderFile = !isRhiTextureFormatSupported(rhi, QRhiTexture::BGRA8)
                ? QStringLiteral("bgra")
                : QStringLiteral("rgba");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUV420P:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUV422P:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC3:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("yuv_triplanar");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUV420P10:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("yuv_triplanar_p10");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YV12:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC1:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("yvu_triplanar");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC2:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("imc2");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC4:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("imc4");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_UYVY:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("uyvy");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUYV:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("yuyv");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_P010:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_P016:
        // P010/P016 have the same layout as NV12, just 16 instead of 8 bits per pixel
        if (format.colorTransfer() == QVideoFrameFormat::ColorTransfer_ST2084) {
            shaderFile = QStringLiteral("nv12_bt2020_pq");
            break;
        }
        if (format.colorTransfer() == QVideoFrameFormat::ColorTransfer_STD_B67) {
            shaderFile = QStringLiteral("nv12_bt2020_hlg");
            break;
        }
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("p016");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_NV12:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("nv12");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_NV21:
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("nv21");
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerExternalOES:
#if 1//def Q_OS_ANDROID
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("externalsampler");
        break;
#endif
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerRect:
#if 1//def Q_OS_MACOS
        shaderFile = QStringLiteral("rectsampler_bgra");
        break;
#endif
        // fallthrough
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Invalid:
    default:
        break;
    }
 
    if (shaderFile.isEmpty())
        return QString();
 
    shaderFile.prepend(u":/qt-project.org/multimedia/shaders/");
 
    if (surfaceFormat == QRhiSwapChain::HDRExtendedSrgbLinear)
        shaderFile.append(u"_linear");
 
    shaderFile.append(u".frag.qsb");
 
    Q_ASSERT_X(
            QFile::exists(shaderFile), Q_FUNC_INFO,
            QStringLiteral("Shader file %1 does not exist").arg(shaderFile).toLatin1().constData());
    qCDebug(qLcVideoTextureHelper) << "fragmentShaderFileName returns" << shaderFile;
    return shaderFile;
}
 
// Matrices are calculated from
// https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.601-7-201103-I!!PDF-E.pdf
// https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.709-6-201506-I!!PDF-E.pdf
// https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.2020-2-201510-I!!PDF-E.pdf
//
// For BT2020, we also need to convert the Rec2020 RGB colorspace to sRGB see
// shaders/colorconvert.glsl for details.
//
// Doing the math gives the following (Y, U & V normalized to [0..1] range):
//
// Y = a*R + b*G + c*B
// R = Y           + e*V
// G = Y - c*d/b*U - a*e/b*V
// B = Y + d*U
 
// BT2020:
// a = .2627, b = 0.6780, c = 0.0593
// d = 1.8814
// e = 1.4746
//
// BT709:
// a = 0.2126, b = 0.7152, c = 0.0722
// d = 1.8556
// e = 1.5748
//
// BT601:
// a = 0.299, b = 0.578, c = 0.114
// d = 1.42
// e = 1.772
//
 
// clang-format off
static QMatrix4x4 colorMatrix(const QVideoFrameFormat &format)
{
    auto colorSpace = format.colorSpace();
    if (colorSpace == QVideoFrameFormat::ColorSpace_Undefined) {
        if (format.frameHeight() > 576)
            // HD video, assume BT709
            colorSpace = QVideoFrameFormat::ColorSpace_BT709;
        else
            // SD video, assume BT601
            colorSpace = QVideoFrameFormat::ColorSpace_BT601;
    }
    switch (colorSpace) {
    case QVideoFrameFormat::ColorSpace_AdobeRgb:
        return {
            1.0f,  0.000f,  1.402f, -0.701f,
            1.0f, -0.344f, -0.714f,  0.529f,
            1.0f,  1.772f,  0.000f, -0.886f,
            0.0f,  0.000f,  0.000f,  1.000f
        };
    default:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::ColorSpace_BT709:
        if (format.colorRange() == QVideoFrameFormat::ColorRange_Full)
            return {
                1.0f,  0.0f,       1.5748f,   -0.790488f,
                1.0f, -0.187324f, -0.468124f,  0.329010f,
                1.0f,  1.855600f,  0.0f,      -0.931439f,
                0.0f,  0.0f,       0.0f,       1.0f
            };
        return {
            1.1644f,  0.0000f,  1.7927f, -0.9729f,
            1.1644f, -0.2132f, -0.5329f,  0.3015f,
            1.1644f,  2.1124f,  0.0000f, -1.1334f,
            0.0000f,  0.0000f,  0.0000f,  1.0000f
        };
    case QVideoFrameFormat::ColorSpace_BT2020:
        if (format.colorRange() == QVideoFrameFormat::ColorRange_Full)
            return {
                1.f,  0.0000f,  1.4746f, -0.7402f,
                1.f, -0.1646f, -0.5714f,  0.3694f,
                1.f,  1.8814f,  0.000f,  -0.9445f,
                0.0f, 0.0000f,  0.000f,   1.0000f
            };
        return {
            1.1644f,  0.000f,   1.6787f, -0.9157f,
            1.1644f, -0.1874f, -0.6504f,  0.3475f,
            1.1644f,  2.1418f,  0.0000f, -1.1483f,
            0.0000f,  0.0000f,  0.0000f,  1.0000f
        };
    case QVideoFrameFormat::ColorSpace_BT601:
        // Corresponds to the primaries used by NTSC BT601. For PAL BT601, we use the BT709 conversion
        // as those are very close.
        if (format.colorRange() == QVideoFrameFormat::ColorRange_Full)
            return {
                1.f,  0.000f,   1.772f,   -0.886f,
                1.f, -0.1646f, -0.57135f,  0.36795f,
                1.f,  1.42f,    0.000f,   -0.71f,
                0.0f, 0.000f,   0.000f,    1.0000f
            };
        return {
            1.164f,  0.000f,  1.596f, -0.8708f,
            1.164f, -0.392f, -0.813f,  0.5296f,
            1.164f,  2.017f,  0.000f, -1.0810f,
            0.000f,  0.000f,  0.000f,  1.0000f
        };
    }
}
// clang-format on
 
// PQ transfer function, see also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptual_quantizer
// or https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291452
static float convertPQFromLinear(float sig)
{
    const float m1 = 1305.f/8192.f;
    const float m2 = 2523.f/32.f;
    const float c1 = 107.f/128.f;
    const float c2 = 2413.f/128.f;
    const float c3 = 2392.f/128.f;
 
    const float SDR_LEVEL = 100.f;
    sig *= SDR_LEVEL/10000.f;
    float psig = powf(sig, m1);
    float num = c1 + c2*psig;
    float den = 1 + c3*psig;
    return powf(num/den, m2);
}
 
float convertHLGFromLinear(float sig)
{
    const float a = 0.17883277f;
    const float b = 0.28466892f; // = 1 - 4a
    const float c = 0.55991073f; // = 0.5 - a ln(4a)
 
    if (sig < 1.f/12.f)
        return sqrtf(3.f*sig);
    return a*logf(12.f*sig - b) + c;
}
 
static float convertSDRFromLinear(float sig)
{
    return sig;
}
 
void updateUniformData(QByteArray *dst, QRhi *rhi, const QVideoFrameFormat &format,
                       const QVideoFrame &frame, const QMatrix4x4 &transform, float opacity,
                       float maxNits)
{
#ifndef Q_OS_ANDROID
    Q_UNUSED(frame);
#endif
 
    QMatrix4x4 cmat;
    switch (format.pixelFormat()) {
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Invalid:
        return;
 
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_ARGB8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_ARGB8888_Premultiplied:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_XRGB8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_BGRA8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_BGRA8888_Premultiplied:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_BGRX8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_ABGR8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_XBGR8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_RGBA8888:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_RGBX8888: {
        if (format.colorRange() == QVideoFrameFormat::ColorRange_Video) {
            constexpr float scale = 255.0f / 219.0f; // (255 - 0) / (235 - 16)
            constexpr float offset = -16.0f / 219.0f; // -16 / (235 - 16)
            // clang-format off
            cmat = QMatrix4x4 {
                scale, 0.f,   0.f, offset,
                0.f, scale,   0.f, offset,
                0.f,   0.f, scale, offset,
                0.f,   0.f,   0.f, 1.f,
            };
            // clang-format on
        }
 
        break;
    }
 
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Jpeg:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Y8:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Y16:
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC1:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC2:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC3:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_IMC4:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_AYUV:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_AYUV_Premultiplied:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUV420P:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUV420P10:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUV422P:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YV12:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_UYVY:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_YUYV:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_NV12:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_NV21:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_P010:
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_P016:
        cmat = colorMatrix(format);
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerExternalOES:
        // get Android specific transform for the externalsampler texture
        if (auto hwBuffer = QVideoFramePrivate::hwBuffer(frame))
            cmat = hwBuffer->externalTextureMatrix();
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerRect:
    {
        // Similarly to SamplerExternalOES, the "color matrix" is used here to
        // transform the texture coordinates. OpenGL texture rectangles expect
        // non-normalized UVs, so apply a scale to have the fragment shader see
        // UVs in range [width,height] instead of [0,1].
        const QSize videoSize = frame.size();
        cmat.scale(videoSize.width(), videoSize.height());
    }
        break;
    }
 
    // HDR with a PQ or HLG transfer function uses a BT2390 based tone mapping to cut off the HDR peaks
    // This requires that we pass the max luminance the tonemapper should clip to over to the fragment
    // shader. To reduce computations there, it's precomputed in PQ values here.
    auto fromLinear = convertSDRFromLinear;
    switch (format.colorTransfer()) {
    case QVideoFrameFormat::ColorTransfer_ST2084:
        fromLinear = convertPQFromLinear;
        break;
    case QVideoFrameFormat::ColorTransfer_STD_B67:
        fromLinear = convertHLGFromLinear;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
 
    if (dst->size() < qsizetype(sizeof(UniformData)))
        dst->resize(sizeof(UniformData));
 
    auto ud = reinterpret_cast<UniformData*>(dst->data());
    memcpy(ud->transformMatrix, transform.constData(), sizeof(ud->transformMatrix));
    memcpy(ud->colorMatrix, cmat.constData(), sizeof(ud->transformMatrix));
    ud->opacity = opacity;
    ud->width = float(format.frameWidth());
    ud->masteringWhite = fromLinear(float(format.maxLuminance())/100.f);
    ud->maxLum = fromLinear(float(maxNits)/100.f);
    const TextureDescription* desc = textureDescription(format.pixelFormat());
 
    const bool isDmaBuf = QVideoFramePrivate::hasDmaBuf(frame);
    using FallbackPolicy = QVideoTextureHelper::TextureDescription::FallbackPolicy;
    auto fallbackPolicy = isDmaBuf
            ? FallbackPolicy::Disable
            : FallbackPolicy::Enable;
 
    // Let's consider using the red component if Red_8 is not used,
    // it's useful for compatibility the shaders with 16bit formats.
 
    const bool useRedComponent =
            !desc->hasTextureFormat(TextureDescription::Red_8)
            || isRhiTextureFormatSupported(rhi, QRhiTexture::R8)
            || rhi->isFeatureSupported(QRhi::RedOrAlpha8IsRed)
            || isDmaBuf;
    ud->redOrAlphaIndex = useRedComponent ? 0 : 3; // r:0 g:1 b:2 a:3
 
    for (int plane = 0; plane < desc->nplanes; ++plane)
        ud->planeFormats[plane] = desc->rhiTextureFormat(plane, rhi, fallbackPolicy);
}
 
enum class UpdateTextureWithMapResult : uint8_t {
    Failed,
    UpdatedWithDataCopy,
    UpdatedWithDataReference
};
 
static UpdateTextureWithMapResult updateTextureWithMap(const QVideoFrame &frame, QRhi &rhi,
                                                       QRhiResourceUpdateBatch &rub, int plane,
                                                       std::unique_ptr<QRhiTexture> &tex)
{
    Q_ASSERT(frame.isMapped());
 
    QVideoFrameFormat fmt = frame.surfaceFormat();
    QVideoFrameFormat::PixelFormat pixelFormat = fmt.pixelFormat();
    QSize size = fmt.frameSize();
 
    const TextureDescription &texDesc = descriptions[pixelFormat];
    QSize planeSize = texDesc.rhiPlaneSize(size, plane, &rhi);
 
    bool needsRebuild = !tex || tex->pixelSize() != planeSize || tex->format() != texDesc.rhiTextureFormat(plane, &rhi);
    if (!tex) {
        tex.reset(rhi.newTexture(texDesc.rhiTextureFormat(plane, &rhi), planeSize, 1, {}));
        if (!tex) {
            qWarning("Failed to create new texture (size %dx%d)", planeSize.width(), planeSize.height());
            return UpdateTextureWithMapResult::Failed;
        }
    }
 
    if (needsRebuild) {
        tex->setFormat(texDesc.rhiTextureFormat(plane, &rhi));
        tex->setPixelSize(planeSize);
        if (!tex->create()) {
            qWarning("Failed to create texture (size %dx%d)", planeSize.width(), planeSize.height());
            return UpdateTextureWithMapResult::Failed;
        }
    }
 
    auto result = UpdateTextureWithMapResult::UpdatedWithDataCopy;
 
    QRhiTextureSubresourceUploadDescription subresDesc;
 
    if (pixelFormat == QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Jpeg) {
        Q_ASSERT(plane == 0);
 
        QImage image;
 
        // calling QVideoFrame::toImage is not accurate. To be fixed.
        // frame transformation will be considered later
        const QVideoFrameFormat surfaceFormat = frame.surfaceFormat();
 
        const bool hasSurfaceTransform = surfaceFormat.isMirrored()
                || surfaceFormat.scanLineDirection() == QVideoFrameFormat::BottomToTop
                || surfaceFormat.rotation() != QtVideo::Rotation::None;
 
        if (hasSurfaceTransform)
            image = qImageFromVideoFrame(frame, VideoTransformation{});
        else
            image = frame.toImage(); // use the frame cache, no surface transforms applied
 
        image.convertTo(QImage::Format_ARGB32);
        subresDesc.setImage(image);
 
    } else {
        // Note, QByteArray::fromRawData creare QByteArray as a view without data copying
        subresDesc.setData(QByteArray::fromRawData(
                reinterpret_cast<const char *>(frame.bits(plane)), frame.mappedBytes(plane)));
        subresDesc.setDataStride(frame.bytesPerLine(plane));
        result = UpdateTextureWithMapResult::UpdatedWithDataReference;
    }
 
    QRhiTextureUploadEntry entry(0, 0, subresDesc);
    QRhiTextureUploadDescription desc({ entry });
    rub.uploadTexture(tex.get(), desc);
 
    return result;
}
 
static std::unique_ptr<QRhiTexture>
createTextureFromHandle(QVideoFrameTexturesHandles &texturesSet, QRhi &rhi,
                        QVideoFrameFormat::PixelFormat pixelFormat, QSize size, int plane)
{
    const TextureDescription &texDesc = descriptions[pixelFormat];
    QSize planeSize = texDesc.rhiPlaneSize(size, plane, &rhi);
 
    QRhiTexture::Flags textureFlags = {};
    if (pixelFormat == QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerExternalOES) {
#ifdef Q_OS_ANDROID
        if (rhi.backend() == QRhi::OpenGLES2)
            textureFlags |= QRhiTexture::ExternalOES;
#endif
    }
    if (pixelFormat == QVideoFrameFormat::Format_SamplerRect) {
#ifdef Q_OS_MACOS
        if (rhi.backend() == QRhi::OpenGLES2)
            textureFlags |= QRhiTexture::TextureRectangleGL;
#endif
    }
 
    if (quint64 handle = texturesSet.textureHandle(rhi, plane); handle) {
        std::unique_ptr<QRhiTexture> tex(rhi.newTexture(texDesc.rhiTextureFormat(plane, &rhi), planeSize, 1, textureFlags));
        if (tex->createFrom({handle, 0}))
            return tex;
 
        qWarning("Failed to initialize QRhiTexture wrapper for native texture object %llu",handle);
    }
    return {};
}
 
template <typename TexturesType, typename... Args>
static QVideoFrameTexturesUPtr
createTexturesArray(QRhi &rhi, QVideoFrameTexturesHandles &texturesSet,
                    QVideoFrameFormat::PixelFormat pixelFormat, QSize size, Args &&...args)
{
    const TextureDescription &texDesc = descriptions[pixelFormat];
    bool ok = true;
    RhiTextureArray textures;
    for (quint8 plane = 0; plane < texDesc.nplanes; ++plane) {
        textures[plane] = QVideoTextureHelper::createTextureFromHandle(texturesSet, rhi,
                                                                       pixelFormat, size, plane);
        ok &= bool(textures[plane]);
    }
    if (ok)
        return std::make_unique<TexturesType>(std::move(textures), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    else
        return {};
}
 
QVideoFrameTexturesUPtr createTexturesFromHandles(QVideoFrameTexturesHandlesUPtr texturesSet,
                                                  QRhi &rhi,
                                                  QVideoFrameFormat::PixelFormat pixelFormat,
                                                  QSize size)
{
    if (!texturesSet)
        return nullptr;
 
    if (pixelFormat == QVideoFrameFormat::Format_Invalid)
        return nullptr;
 
    if (size.isEmpty())
        return nullptr;
 
    auto &texturesSetRef = *texturesSet;
    return createTexturesArray<QVideoFrameTexturesFromHandlesSet>(rhi, texturesSetRef, pixelFormat,
                                                                  size, std::move(texturesSet));
}
 
static QVideoFrameTexturesUPtr createTexturesFromMemory(QVideoFrame frame, QRhi &rhi,
                                                        QRhiResourceUpdateBatch &rub,
                                                        QVideoFrameTexturesUPtr &oldTextures)
{
    qCDebug(qLcVideoTextureHelper) << "createTexturesFromMemory, pixelFormat:" << frame.pixelFormat();
    if (!frame.map(QVideoFrame::ReadOnly)) {
        qWarning() << "Cannot map a video frame in ReadOnly mode!";
        return {};
    }
 
    auto unmapFrameGuard = qScopeGuard([&frame] { frame.unmap(); });
 
    const TextureDescription &texDesc = descriptions[frame.surfaceFormat().pixelFormat()];
 
    const bool canReuseTextures(dynamic_cast<QVideoFrameTexturesFromMemory*>(oldTextures.get()));
 
    std::unique_ptr<QVideoFrameTexturesFromMemory> textures(canReuseTextures ?
                static_cast<QVideoFrameTexturesFromMemory *>(oldTextures.release()) :
                new QVideoFrameTexturesFromMemory);
 
    RhiTextureArray& textureArray = textures->textureArray();
    bool shouldKeepMapping = false;
    for (quint8 plane = 0; plane < texDesc.nplanes; ++plane) {
        const auto result = updateTextureWithMap(frame, rhi, rub, plane, textureArray[plane]);
        if (result == UpdateTextureWithMapResult::Failed)
            return {};
 
        if (result == UpdateTextureWithMapResult::UpdatedWithDataReference)
            shouldKeepMapping = true;
    }
 
    // as QVideoFrame::unmap does nothing with null frames, we just move the frame to the result
    textures->setMappedFrame(shouldKeepMapping ? std::move(frame) : QVideoFrame());
 
    return textures;
}
 
QVideoFrameTexturesUPtr createTextures(const QVideoFrame &frame, QRhi &rhi,
                                       QRhiResourceUpdateBatch &rub,
                                       QVideoFrameTexturesUPtr &oldTextures)
{
    if (!frame.isValid())
        return {};
 
    auto setSourceFrame = [&frame](QVideoFrameTexturesUPtr result) {
        result->setSourceFrame(frame);
        return result;
    };
 
    if (QHwVideoBuffer *hwBuffer = QVideoFramePrivate::hwBuffer(frame)) {
        if (auto textures = hwBuffer->mapTextures(rhi, oldTextures))
            return setSourceFrame(std::move(textures));
 
        QVideoFrameFormat format = frame.surfaceFormat();
        if (auto textures = createTexturesArray<QVideoFrameTexturesFromRhiTextureArray>(
                    rhi, *hwBuffer, format.pixelFormat(), format.frameSize()))
            return setSourceFrame(std::move(textures));
    }
 
    if (auto textures = createTexturesFromMemory(frame, rhi, rub, oldTextures))
        return setSourceFrame(std::move(textures));
 
    return {};
}
 
bool SubtitleLayout::update(const QSize &frameSize, QString text)
{
    text.replace(QLatin1Char('\n'), QChar::LineSeparator);
    if (layout.text() == text && videoSize == frameSize)
        return false;
 
    videoSize = frameSize;
    QFont font;
    // 0.045 - based on this https://www.md-subs.com/saa-subtitle-font-size
    qreal fontSize = frameSize.height() * 0.045;
    font.setPointSize(fontSize);
 
    layout.setText(text);
    if (text.isEmpty()) {
        bounds = {};
        return true;
    }
    layout.setFont(font);
    QTextOption option;
    option.setUseDesignMetrics(true);
    option.setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
    layout.setTextOption(option);
 
    QFontMetrics metrics(font);
    int leading = metrics.leading();
 
    qreal lineWidth = videoSize.width()*.9;
    qreal margin = videoSize.width()*.05;
    qreal height = 0;
    qreal textWidth = 0;
    layout.beginLayout();
    while (1) {
        QTextLine line = layout.createLine();
        if (!line.isValid())
            break;
 
        line.setLineWidth(lineWidth);
        height += leading;
        line.setPosition(QPointF(margin, height));
        height += line.height();
        textWidth = qMax(textWidth, line.naturalTextWidth());
    }
    layout.endLayout();
 
    // put subtitles vertically in lower part of the video but not stuck to the bottom
    int bottomMargin = videoSize.height() / 20;
    qreal y = videoSize.height() - bottomMargin - height;
    layout.setPosition(QPointF(0, y));
    textWidth += fontSize/4.;
 
    bounds = QRectF((videoSize.width() - textWidth)/2., y, textWidth, height);
    return true;
}
 
void SubtitleLayout::draw(QPainter *painter, const QPointF &translate) const
{
    painter->save();
    painter->translate(translate);
    painter->setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_SourceOver);
 
    QColor bgColor = Qt::black;
    bgColor.setAlpha(128);
    painter->setBrush(bgColor);
    painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
    painter->drawRect(bounds);
 
    QTextLayout::FormatRange range;
    range.start = 0;
    range.length = layout.text().size();
    range.format.setForeground(Qt::white);
    layout.draw(painter, {}, { range });
    painter->restore();
}
 
QImage SubtitleLayout::toImage() const
{
    auto size = bounds.size().toSize();
    if (size.isEmpty())
        return QImage();
    QImage img(size, QImage::Format_RGBA8888_Premultiplied);
    QColor bgColor = Qt::black;
    bgColor.setAlpha(128);
    img.fill(bgColor);
 
    QPainter painter(&img);
    painter.translate(-bounds.topLeft());
    QTextLayout::FormatRange range;
    range.start = 0;
    range.length = layout.text().size();
    range.format.setForeground(Qt::white);
    layout.draw(&painter, {}, { range });
    return img;
}
 
}
 
QT_END_NAMESPACE